Question
${ }_{63} EU$ and ${ }_{70} Yb$ show $2+$ oxidation state. Explain.

Answer

${ }_{63} EU$ has electronic configuration, $[ Xe ] 4 f^7 5 d^{\circ} 6 s^2$. By losing 2 electrons from $6 s$ orbital, it acquires stable configuration and $4 f$-orbital is half-filled.
$70 Yb$ has electronic configuration, $[ Xe ] 4 f ^{14} 5 d^{\circ} 6 s^2$. By losing 2 electrons from $6 s$ orbital, it acquires stable configuration and 4/-orbital is completely filled.
Hence Eu and $Yb$ show $2+$ oxidation states.

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