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| Factor/Process | Role in the formation of soil |
| (1) Parent rock | ……………. |
| (2) Regional climate | …………… |
| (3) Organic material | ………….. |
| (4) Microorganisms | …………….. |
| Action | Effect | Result (W.R.T. fertility) |
| Construction of embankments. | ||
| Wind speed decreased. | ||
| Farm land is kept fallow for some period. | Helps to maintain the pH balance and increase the proportion of humus. | Increases the fertility of soil. |
| Regular use of organic manures, vermicompost and compost. | ||
| Check the velocity of water running along the slopes. | ||
| Litter is burnt in the farm. | ||
| Decomposed vegetal litters, roots of plants and remains of animals. | ||
| Salt content in the soil increases. | ||
| Leads to the lowering of humus content in the soil. |