Question
(A) Nothing spells extravagance like silk does. Producing silk is a lengthy process and demands close attention. First, quality feed for silkworms needs to be cultivated. Then the worms need to be carefully hand-reared in controlled environmental conditions till the pupae spin the silk cocoons. The silk is extracted by human hand and then woven into fabric.

(B) India’s southern region specialises in the production of rich silk yams that are used in combination with • other yams that are then transformed into awe-inspiring fabrics. India prides itself as the only country that produces all types of natural silk, made from various types of silk-spinning worms. Mulberry, tussar, eri and munga are special to India. The silk yam of south India is recognised as authentic and elegant not only in the country, but globally. Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are among the leading states producing silk yam in India. South India is the leading silk-producing area of the country, and is also known for its famous silk-weaving enclaves like Kanchipuram, Dharmavaram and Ami. The traditional handloom silk always scores over the powerloom ones in the richness of their textures and design, in their individuality, character and classic beauty. Handloom weaving remains a symbol of the versatility and creativity of living craft. Today, Indian silks, especially the handloom product remains the most beautiful and cherished product in the world over.

(C) It is estimated that almost 85 per cent of the price of silk in the market goes back to communities that are engaged in sericulture and silk industry as the entire families are involved in production rather than one bread winner.

(D) It plays a huge role in the upliftment of communities from poverty to prosperity. If the consumption of silk increases, the entire village tends to prosper. The final part of silk production is the weaving of the fabric which is considered more of an art than an act. These communities depend solely on weaving silk for their livelihood and the distinct regions have developed their own character of weaving silk to establish indelible identities for themselves.

(E) Silk has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Indians. Though India is producing all the varieties of silk, i.e., dress materials, scarves/stoles, readymade garments, etc., the silk sarees are unique. The saree is almost synonymous with the word silk. It has been the traditional costume of Indian women since time immemorial. There are innumerable references in Indian literature about this draped garment and the style of wearing differs from time to time, region to region and people to people. The silk sarees of India are among the excellent living examples of the craftsmanship of the weavers of the country. Though India has earned a predominant position in the world with rising silk demand, it still lags behind China in silk production. India contributes around 15 per cent of the world’s total silk production while China contributes more than 80 per cent of global production. In India, the cost of imported silk yam is approximately ₹ 4,500 per kg while domestic yam is sold between ₹ 3,500 and ₹ 3,800 per kg. 

Questions:

(i) What is required for producing quality silk?

(ii) Which regions in India are leading in silk yam production?

(iii) What percentage of the price of silk in the market goes back to communities engaged in sericulture and silk industry?

(iv) Which country produces the most silk in the world?

(v) Find a word from the passage which has the same meaning as  'extravagance'.

(vi) Write the verb form of 'production'.

(vii) Find a word from the passage opposite in meaning to 'prosperity'.

(viii) Write the adverb form of 'beautiful'.

(ix) What is the significance of handloom weaving in South India?
A) It is cheaper than powerloom weaving.
B) It is known for its individuality, character, and classic beauty.
C) It produces more silk than powerloom weaving.
D) It is easier and faster than powerloom weaving.

(x) What is the role of silk production in Indian communities?
A) It has no significant impact.
B) It is only a minor source of income.
C) It uplifts communities from poverty to prosperity.
D) It is solely dependent on government subsidies.

Answer

(i) Quality feed for silkworms and controlled environmental conditions are required.

(ii) Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

(iii) Almost 85%.

(iv)
China.

(v) Luxury.

(vi) Produce.

(vii) Poverty.

(viii) Beautifully.

(ix) B) It is known for its individuality, character, and classic beauty.

(x)  C) It uplifts communities from poverty to prosperity.

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Nothing spells extravagance like silk does. Producing silk is a lengthy process and demands close attention. First, quality feed for silkworms needs to be cultivated. Then the worms need to be carefully hand-reared in controlled environmental conditions till the pupae spin the silk cocoons. The silk is extracted by human hand and then woven into fabric.
India's southern region specialises in the production of rich silk yarns that are used in combination with other yarns that are then transformed into awe-inspiring fabrics. India prides itself as the only country that produces all types of natural silk, made from various types of silk-spinning worms. Mulberry, tussar, eri and munga are special to India. The silk yarn of south India is recognised as authentic and elegant not only in the country, but globally. Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are among the leading states producing silk yarn in India. South India is the leading silk-producing area of the country, and is also known for its famous silk-weaving enclaves like Kanchipuram, Dharmavaram and Arni. The traditional handloom silk always scores over the power loom ones in the richness of their textures and design, in their individuality, character and classic beauty. Handloom weaving remains a symbol of the versatility and creativity of living craft. Today, Indian silks, especially the handloom product remains the most beautiful and cherished product in the world over.
It is estimated that almost 85 per cent of the price of silk in the market goes back to communities that are engaged in sericulture and silk industry as the entire families are involved in production rather than one breadwinner.
It plays a huge role in the upliftment of communities from poverty to prosperity. If the consumption of silk increases, the entire village tends to prosper. The final part of silk production is the weaving of the fabric which is considered more of an art than an act. These communities depend solely on weaving silk for their livelihood and the distinct regions have developed their own character of weaving silk to establish indelible identities for themselves.
Silk has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Indians. Though India is producing all the varieties of silk, i.e., dress materials, scarves/stoles, readymade garments, etc., the silk sarees are unique. The saree is almost synonymous with the word silk. It has been the traditional costume of Indian women since time immemorial. There are innumerable references in Indian literature about this draped garment and the style of wearing differs from time to time, region to region and people to people. The silk sarees of India are among the excellent living examples of the craftsmanship of the weavers of the country. Though India has earned a predominant position in the world with rising silk demand, it still lags behind China in silk production. India contributes around 15 per cent of the world's total silk production while China contributes more than 80 per cent of global production. In India, the cost of imported silk yarn is approximately ₹ 4,500 per kg while domestic yarn is sold between ₹ 3,500 and ₹3,800 per kg.
(i) How does the silk production help in the upliftment of communities?
a) The entire families are involved in production.
b) All of the above
c) The entire village tends to prosper.
d) Almost 85% of the price of silk in the market goes back to communities.
(ii) What is the traditional costume of the Indian women?
a) Both scarves and kurta $\quad$ b) scarves $\quad$ c) Kurta $\quad$ d) saree
(iii) Which is the final part of silk-production?
a) silk extraction $\quad$ b) the weaving of the fabric $\quad$ c) textures and designs $\quad$ d) silk-weaving
(iv) Find the word from the passage which means the same as use up.
a) remains $\quad$ b) consumption $\quad$ c) indelible$\quad$d) materials
(v) What is the cost of imported silk yam in India?
a)₹ 4500 per kg $\quad$ b) ₹ 3500 per kg $\quad$ c) ₹3800 per kg $\quad$ d)  ₹ 3,400 per kg
(vi) What is the first step in silk production?
(vii) How are the worms taken care of?
(viii) Which is the most famous silk?
(ix) Name a few famous South Indian silk-producing centres.
(x) Name the three states leading in the production of silk yarn in India?
1.I must confess that I am overwhelmed by the trust my people have placed in me by electing me to the highest office in the land...
2. Dr. Radhakrishnan brought to the Presidency a mental equipment, a degree of erudition and wealth of experience rarely to be found anywhere. During a lifetime devoted to the pursuit of knowledge and truth, he has done more than probably any other man to bring out and explain Indian philosophical thought and the oneness of all true spiritual values. He has never lost his faith in the essential humanity of man and he himself has never ceased to champion the right of all men to live in dignity and with justice.
3. I can only assure you that I enter this office in a spirit of prayerful humility and total dedication. I have just taken the oath of loyalty to the Constitution of India. It is the Constitution of a comparatively new State which its free citizens have, for the first time in history, given to themselves. It is the young State of an ancient people who, through the long millennia and through cooperation of diverse ethnic elements, have striven to realise timeless, absolute values in their own peculiar way. I pledge myself to the service of those values. For, though some concrete realisation of a value may become inadequate with the change of circumstance, the value remains eternally valid and presses for newer and fresher realisation. The past is not dead and static, it is alive and dynamic and is involved in determining the quality of our present and the prospects of our future.
(i) Who is the narrator of this passage?
(ii) How did the people of India place trust in Dr. Radhakrishnan?
(iii) What qualities of Dr. Radhakrishnan made him to be an efficient and very talented President of India?
(iv) How did Dr. Radhakrishnan uphold humanity?
(v) What does the phrase diverse ethnic elements in para 3 refer to?
(vi) According toe the narrator, the past is:
(a) inactive
(c) all of these
(b) dead
(d) full of life and dynamism
(vii) The narrator felt overwhelmed because the people of India:
(a) maintained peace during his regime of India
(c) trusted him
(b) elected him as the President
(d) elected him as the Prime minister of India
(viii) The narrator fought for the right of the people of India, so that they might live:
(a) both in dignity and with justice
(b) neither in dignity nor with justice
(c) with justice
(d) in dignity
(ix) The narrator look the ___________ to the constitution of India.
(x) The past is involved in determining the quality of our past and the prospects of our present.
(a) True (b) False
Akbar and Birbal, the two historic legends are said to have shared a great bond and have left some incredible stories for the ages ahead of them to hear and learn from. The stories are not only amusing but carry a strong message and pose questions on society, routine, rituals and practices strongly.
Birbal was a really wise and intelligent man, people used to admire him for his
character and rich knowledge he possessed regarding every field. Almost all the decisions of the reign were taken after consulting with him. He was one of the most important ministers and closest to Akbar. Birbal was just so very dear to Akbar, not just because of his skills but because of the way their bond had grown strong over the years.
During Emperor Akbar's reign, there was a poor man in Agra who was thought to bring bad luck. People believed that if anyone looked at his face in the morning, they would have a bad day.
"Get lost, you ugly fellow!" he would be cursed by one and all. "Hide your face before you kill someone with your evil eye!"
The Emperor soon heard of this man's reputation and wanted to see him. The poor fellow, who had not harmed a single person in his life, was brought to Akbar. Akbar took a look at him and asked him to be brought back in the evening. That particular day was especially full and tiring day for the Emperor and his courtiers.
So many matters had to be attended to, that Akbar even forgot to eat. By the end of the day, the emperor was exhausted. To make matters worse, Akbar was informed that his favourite child, little Prince Salim, had fallen ill.
Then the Emperor suddenly remembered that he had seen the face of the 'unlucky' man that morning. That was it. It was that man's entire fault, Akbar decided. Akbar called his courtiers and told them that he was going to have the 'unlucky' man executed. All of them agreed immediately.
All except Birbal. Instead, Birbal let out a short laugh.
"What's the matter, Birbal?" asked the emperor, "You seem to find something funny!"
"Nothing, your Majesty", replied Birbal.
"You say this man brings bad luck because you had to go without food ever since you saw him this morning.
Look at his luck. Yours was the first face he saw today and he has to die because of it."
Akbar immediately realised his folly and rewarded Birbal for his wisdom. The above story of a man with unlucky face is one such story where Bubal's quick wit and strong logical reasoning is showcased.
(i) Why had the king not eaten his food?
a) He is sad
b) He was not feeling well.
c) He had seen the face of the unlucky fellow.
d) He was very busy that day.
(ii) Who was not well on that particular day?
(a) Birbal (b) Prince Salim (c) King Akbar (d) The King's courtiers
 (iii) Which of the following describes Birbal?
a) He had lost his senses.
b) He was a famous merchant.
c) He was very poor.
d) He possessed good logical thinking.
(iv) Choose the word that has most nearly the same meaning as the word folly used m the passage.
(a) conflict (b) mistake (c) argument (d) Words
(v) What was Birbal's initial reaction when he heard that the poor man would be executed?
a) He laughed slightly.
b) He was silent and wanted to give a chance to the poor man.
c) He was angry because Akbar had not taken his advice.
d) He smiled a lot
(vi) What was Akbar informed about his favourite child?
(vii) Why did Akbar decide to execute the poor man?
(viii) What was the courtiers reaction when they heard that the poor man would be executed?
(ix) What made Akbar realize his mistake?
(x) Why was Birbal rewarded?
(A) Since its formation over 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth has been hit many times by asteroids and comets whose orbits bring them into the inner solar system. These objects, collectively known as ‘Near Earth Objects’ or NEOs, still pose a danger to the Earth today. Near Earth Objects (NEOs) are comets and asteroids that have been nudged by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets into orbits that allow them to enter the Earth’s neighbourhood. Composed mostly of water or ice with embedded dust particles, Comets are originally formed in the cold outer planetary system while most of the rocky asteroids are formed in the warmer inner solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The scientific interest in comets and asteroids is largely due to their status as the relatively unchanged remnant debris from the solar system formation process some 4.6 billion years ago. The giant outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) formed from an agglomeration of billions of comets and the leftover bits and pieces from this formation process are the comets we see today. Likewise, today’s asteroids are the bits and pieces left over from the initial agglomeration of the inner planets that include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.

(B) As the primitive, leftover building blocks of the solar system formation process, comets and asteroids offer clues to the chemical mixture from which the planets formed some 4.6 billion years ago. If we wish to know the composition of the primordial mixture from which the planets are formed, then we must determine the chemical constituents of the leftover debris from this formation process-the comets and asteroids. Depending on the size of the impacting object, such a collision can cause massive damage on local to global scales. It is an astronomical certainty that sometime in the future Earth will undergo another cosmic impact. There is strong scientific evidence that cosmic collisions have played a major role in the mass extinctions documented in Earth’s fossil record. That such cosmic collisions can still occur today was demonstrated graphically in 1994 when Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 broke apart and 21 fragments, some as large as 2 km in diameter, crashed into the atmosphere of Jupiter. If these fragments had impacted on Earth instead, we would have suffered a global catastrophy!

(C) The earth is occasionally hit by craggy remnants of creation known to cross the Earth’s path. These lie in a loose belt between Mars and Jupiter like so much rubble left over from creation. The first asteroid was too faint to be seen by the naked eye. It was discovered by an Italian monk named Giuseppe Piazzi in Palermo, Sicily. The largest found is about 8 km wide.

(D) Slamming into the Earth at roughly 26 km a second, a large asteroid could explode with the force of a million hydrogen bombs, lifting enough rock and dust to block most sunlight. Cold and darkness could last for months, destroying agriculture, leading to the death of a billion or more people from starvation.

(E) The dangers posed by these intruders in the inner solar system are not the subject of serious scientific investigation. “The risk is real” said Dr. David Morrison, Chairman of the study undertaken by nearly 100 scientists of NASA. Dr. Morrison further says that the asteroid threat has dawned on scientists only slowly as it is hard for the layman to comprehend. But the fact, he said, is that mankind lives in a kind of cosmic shooting gallery.

(F) What can be done if one of these surveys finds an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth? Scientists and engineers are looking at ways of using a spacecraft to gently change orbit of an asteroid.

Questions:

(i) What are Near Earth Objects (NEOs)?

(ii) Why is there scientific interest in comets and asteroids?

(iii) Who discovered the first asteroid and where?

(iv) What catastrophic effects could a large asteroid impact have on Earth?

(v) Find a word from the passage which has the same meaning as 'primitive'.

(vi) Write the verb form of 'collision'.

(vii) Find a word from the passage opposite in meaning to 'cold'.

(viii) Write the adverb form of 'massive'.

(ix) What event demonstrated that cosmic collisions can still occur today?
A) The impact of asteroids on Mars
B) The collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter
C) The discovery of the first asteroid by Giuseppe Piazzi
D) The launch of NASA's asteroid survey

(x) What is one proposed method to prevent an asteroid collision with Earth?
A) Using nuclear weapons to destroy the asteroid
B) Evacuating the Earth’s population
C) Using a spacecraft to gently change the orbit of the asteroid
D) Constructing a large shield around the Earth
1. In a historic moment for India, Mariyappan Thangavelu won a gold medal while compatriot Varun Singh Bhati clinched a bronze in the men's high jump T-42 event at the Rio Paralympics 2016. The 20-year-old Thangavelu made a leap of 1.89 m, while Bhati jumped his personal best of 1.86 m to finish third. USA's Sam Grewe bagged the silver medal. India's other medal prospect Sharad Kumar finished at number six. T-42 is a disability classification in the sport for differently-abled track-and-field athletes with single "above the knee' amputation or a comparable disability.

2. The event witnessed a fierce contest with six of the 12 athletes clearing the 1.74 m mark in their first eight attempts. But Thangavelu became a part of the leading group after his 10th attempt when he cleared the 1.77 m mark along with Lukasz Mamczarz of Poland, China's Zhiqiang Zhing and Kumar. He then went into the lead along with Bhati as both managed to clear the 1.83 m mark. Kumar, however, could not improve his performance and eventually crashed out of medal contention. Grewe pushed Thangavelu and Bhati to the joint second position by clearing 1.86 m to grab the top spot. But both Indians made a strong comeback by equalling the height to share the pole position. Thangavelu eventually made sure of the gold with an effort of 1.89 m in his final attempt while Grewe and Bhati finished with best efforts of 1.86 m.

3. Thangavelu was injured at the age of five, when a bus accident left him with a permanent disability while bronze medal winner Bhati was diagnosed with polio which led to a deformity in his legs.

Questions:
(i) What is the winning of gold and bronze medals by Mariyappan Thangavelu and Varun Singh Bhati respectively is called by the author?


(ii) What is the term T-42 used for in the sports at Rio Olympics?

(iii) Why is the T-42 event regarded as a fierce contest?

(iv) How did the both athletes make a strong comeback at the Rio Olympics 2016?

(v) What led to a deformity in Bhati's legs?

(vi) Sam Grewe belongs to:
a) China
b) England
c) USA
d) Australia

(vii) In his final attempt Thangavelu made sure of the:
a) all of these
b) bronze medal
c) gold medal
d) silver medal

(viii) Thangavelu met with a bus accident at the age of five which left him with________.

(ix) Sharad Kumar's performance in Rio Olympics was not good.
a) True
b) False

(x) Which word in para 2 is the same in meaning to finally?
a) cleared
b) eventually
c) equally
d) witnessed
At Burdwan, we were told, "Third-class tickets are not booked so early." I went to the station master. He also made the same reply. As soon as he booking window opened, might was right and passengers, who were forward and indifferent to thers, coming one after another continued to push me out. I was, therefore, about the last of the first crowd to get a ticket.
The train arrived and getting into it was another trial. I went to the guard. He said, "You must try to get in where you can, or take the next train." Much against my mind, I got into an inter class compartment with my wife. The guard saw us getting in. At Asansol Station he came to charge excess fares. I said to him, "It was your duty to find us room. We could not get any, and so are sitting here."
"You may not argue with me", said the guard, I cannot accommodate you. You must pay the excess fare or get out." I wanted to reach Pune somehow, so I paid the excess fare demanded, but I resented the injustice.
The woes of third-class passengers are undoubtedly due to the high-handedness of railway authorities. But the rudeness, dirty habits, selfishness and ignorance of the passengers themselves are no less to blame. The pity is that they often do not realize that they are behaving ill, dirtily or selfishly. They believe that everything they do is in the natural way. All this may be traced to the indifference towards them of us educated people'.
(i) The author travelled by inter-class because __________.
(ii) The author had to pay excess fare because ___________.
a) he intended to travel up to Pune.
b) he was travelling in a class higher than the one he was entitled to.
c) the guard had seen him entering the inter class compartment.
d) he had purchased tickets up to Asansol.
(iii) According to the author, the hardships of third-class passengers will be minimized if __________.
a) there was provision of more third-class compartments.
b) passengers were allowed to travel inter class in case third class compartments were overcrowded.
c) railway authorities show genuine concern for the passengers.
d) railway authorities maintain cleanliness in the trains.
(iv) According to the passage, the author could have easily purchased tickets if __________.
a) there were fewer passengers.
b) there were two booking windows.
c) he had decided to travel by inter class.
d) there was a proper queue system at the booking window.
(v) In which compartment did the author board with his wife?
a) Second compartment
b) Third class compartment
c) First class compartment
d) Inter class compartment
vi) Another word for impolite is:
a) ignorant $\quad$ b) selfish
c) dirty $\quad$ d) rude
(vii) At which station did the guard ask for excess fare:
(viii) Where were the author and his wife travelling to?
(ix) According to the passage, the most pitiable thing about third class passengers is __________.
a) lack of awareness of their ill- behaviour
b) rudeness to their co-travellers
c) indiscipline behaviour during the journey
d) poverty and depression
(x) From which station did the author boarded the train?
a) Pune $\quad$ b) Kolkata
c) Asansol $\quad$ d) Burdwan
(A) Akbar and Birbal, the two historic legends are said to have shared a great bond and have left some incredible stories for the ages ahead of them to hear and learn from. The stories are not only amusing but carry a strong message and pose questions on society, routine, rituals and practices strongly.

(B) Birbal was a really wise and intelligent man. People used to admire him for his character and rich knowledge he possessed regarding every field. Almost all the decisions of the reign were taken after consulting with him. He was one of the most important ministers and closest to Akbar. Birbal was just so very dear to Akbar, not just because of his skills but because of the way their bond had grown stronger over the years.

(C) During Emperor Akbar’s reign, there was a poor man in Agra who was thought to bring bad luck. People believed that if anyone looked at his face in the morning, they would have a bad day.

(D) ” Get lost, you ugly fellow!” he would be cursed by one and all. “Hide your face before you kill someone with your evil eye!”

(E) The Emperor soon heard of this man’s reputation and wanted to see him. The poor fellow, who had not harmed a single person in his life, was brought to Akbar.

(F) Akbar took a look at him and asked him to be brought back in the evening.

(H) That particular day was especially full and tiring day for the Emperor and his courtiers.

(I) So many matters had to be attended to, that Akbar even forgot to eat. By the end of the day, the emperor was exhausted. To make matters worse, Akbar was informed that his favourite child, little Prince Salim, had fallen ill.

(J) Then the emperor suddenly remembered that he had seen the face of the ‘unlucky’ man that morning. That was it. It was that man’s entire fault, Akbar decided.

(K) Akbar called his courtiers and told them that he was going to have the ‘unlucky’ man executed. All of them agreed immediately.

(L) All except Birbal. Instead, Birbal let out a short laugh. “What’s the matter, Birbal?” asked the emperor, “You seem to find something funny!” “Nothing, your Majesty”, replied Birbal.

(K) “You say this man brings bad luck because you had to go without food ever since you saw him this morning. Look at his luck. Yours was the first face he saw today and he has to die because of it.”

(M) Akbar immediately realised his folly and rewarded Birbal for his wisdom.

Questions:

(i) What was Birbal admired for by the people?

(ii) Why did Akbar want to see the 'unlucky' man?

(iii) What did Akbar decide to do after seeing the 'unlucky' man?

(iv) How did Birbal convince Akbar to change his decision about the 'unlucky' man?

(v) Find a word from the passage which has the same meaning as  'rewarded'.

(vi) Write the verb form of 'wise'.

(vii) Find a word from the passage opposite in meaning to 'increase'.

(viii) Write the adverb form of 'rewarded'.

(ix) Why did Akbar initially believe the 'unlucky' man was at fault for his bad day?

A) Because the man had harmed someone
B) Because of the man's reputation for bad luck
C) Because Birbal advised him to believe so
D) Because the courtiers insisted on it

(x) What did Birbal do that made Akbar reconsider his decision to execute the 'unlucky' man?
A) He pleaded with Akbar
B) He laughed and explained the irony of the situation
C) He agreed with the courtiers
D) He suggested a different punishment
1. As the Farm grew, it was found necessary to make some provision for the education of its boys and girls. There were, among these, Hindu, Muslim, Parsi and Christian boys and some Hindu girls. It was not possible, and I did not think it necessary to engage special teachers for them. It was not possible, for qualified Indian teachers were scarce, and even when available, none would be ready to go to a place 21 miles distant from Johannesburg on a small salary. Also we were certainly not over-flowing with money. And I did not think it necessary to import teachers from outside the Farm. I did not believe in the existing system of education, and I had a mind to find out by experience and experiment the true system.

2. Only this much I knew that, under ideal conditions, true education could be imparted only by the parents, and that then there should be the minimum of outside help, that Tolstoy Farm was a family, in which I occupied the place of the father, and that I should so far as possible shoulder the responsibility for the training of the young.

3. The conception no doubt was not without its flaws. All the young people had not been with me since their childhood, they had been brought up in different conditions and environments, and they did not belong to the same religion. How could 1 do full justice to the young people, thus circumstanced, even if I assumed the place of pater-families?

4. But I had always given the first place to the culture of the heart or the building of character, and as I felt confident the moral training could be given to all alike, no matter how different their ages and their upbringing, I decided to live amongst them all twenty-four hours of the day as their father. I regarded character building as the proper foundation for their education and, if the foundation was firmly laid, I was sure that the children could learn all the other things themselves or with the assistance of friends.

Questions:

(i) What did Gandhiji find necessary as the Farm grew?

(ii) Why was it not possible to engage special teachers for boys and girls at the Farm?

(iii) What position did Gandhiji enjoy at Tolstoy Farm and how?

(iv) What did Gandhiji consider as the proper foundation for the education of children and why did he think so?

(v) Find a word from the passage which has the same meaning as employ.

(vi) Write the verb form of education.

(vii) Find a word from the passage opposite in meaning to different.

(viii) Write the adverb form of confident.

(ix) The narrator did not believe in the existing system of
a) hiring teachers
b) education
c) law and order
d) public welfare

(x) The narrator had always given the first place to the:
a) foundation for their education
c) culture of the heart
b) building of character
d) Both culture of the heart and building of character
Lines Written in Early Spring
I heard a thousand blended notes,
While in a grove I sate reclined,
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.
To her fair works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran;
And much it grieved my heart to think
What man has made of man.
Through primrose tufts, in that green bower
The periwinkle trailed its wreaths;
And 'tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes.
The birds around me hopped and played,
Their thoughts I cannot measure:-
But the least motion which they made
It seemed a thrill of pleasure.
The budding twigs spread out their fan,
To catch the breezy air;
And I must think, do all I can,
That there was pleasure there.
If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature's holy plan,
Have I not reason to lament
What man has made of man?
- William Wordsworth
(i) The poet is sitting ________.
a)in a small wood $\quad$ b)in his office
c)in his house $\quad$ d)in the garden
(ii) The poet finds the ________ hopping and playing.
(iii) In the line, What man has made of man the mood of the poet is ________.
a)thoughtful $\quad$b)excited
c)surprised $\quad$d)happy
(iv) According to the poet, Nature's message to all living beings is _________.
(v) The word lament here means that the poet is ________.
(vi) The meaning of the word sate is ________.
a)Mourn $\quad$b)Little clumps
c)clumsy $\quad$d)An old-fashioned way of saying "sat"
(vii) The rhyming scheme of the poem is ________.
a)abba $\quad$ b)aabb
c)aabc $\quad$d)abab
(viii) Which of the following poetic device is used in the line What man has made of than?
(ix) What does the poet mean by the lines In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts - Bring sad thoughts to the mind?
a)His happy thoughts actually remind him of some sad things.
b)The poet is enjoying the spring bliss.
c)None of these.
d)The spring turned made him mourn.
(x) Name the literary device used in the lines, And
'tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes.
(A) In spite of all the honours that were heaped upon him, Pasteur, as it has been said, remained simple at heart. Perhaps, the imagery of his boyhood days, when he drew the familiar scenes of his birthplace and his longing to be a great artist, never wholly left him.

(B) In truth, he did become a great artist, although he abandoned the brush forever after the age of 16. Like every artist of worth, he put his whole soul and energy into his work, and it was this very energy that in the end wore him out. For him, each sufferer was something more than just a case that has to be cured. He looked upon the fight against hydrophobia as a battle, and he was absorbed in his determination to win.

(C) The sight of injured children particularly moved him to an indescribable extent. He suffered with his patients, and yet he would not deny himself a share in their suffering. His greatest grief was when sheer physical exhaustion made him give up his active work. He retired to the estate at Villeneuve Etang, where he had his kennels for the study of rabies, and there he passed his last summer, as his great biographer, Vallery Radot, has said, “practicing the Gospel virtues.” “He revered the faith of his fathers,” says the same writer, “and wished without ostentation or mystery to receive its aid during his last period.”

(D) The attitude of this man to the science he had done so much to perfect can be best summed up in a sentence that he is reputed once to have uttered, concerning the materialism of many of his contemporaries in similar branches of learning to his own: “The more I contemplate the mysteries of Nature, the more my faith becomes like that of a peasant.” But even then, in that pain, he loved to see his former pupils and it was then that he would reiterate his life’s principles, that is ‘never cease to work’. So well had he kept his precept, that he rapidly began to sink from exhaustion.

(E) Finally, on September 27,1895, when someone leaned over his bed to offer him a cup of milk, he said sadly, “I cannot”. With a look of perfect resignation and peace, he seemed to have fallen asleep. He never again opened his eyes to the cares and sufferings of the world, which he had done so much to relieve and to conquer. He was within three months of his seventy-third birthday. Thus passed, as simply as a child, the man whom the French people were to vote plebiscite as the greatest man that France had ever produced. Napoleon, who has always been considered the idol of France, was placed fifth. No greater tribute could have been paid to Louis Pasteur, the tanner’s son, the scientist, the man of peace, the patient worker forfor for humanity.

Questions:

(i) What did Pasteur long to be in his boyhood days?

(ii) At what age did Pasteur abandon using the brush forever?

(iii) Where did Pasteur retire to after giving up his active work?

(iv) What was Pasteur's attitude towards the faith of his fathers?

(v) Find a word from the passage which has the same meaning as 'resignation'.

(vi) Write the verb form of 'contemplation'.

(vii) Find a word from the passage opposite in meaning to 'active'.

(viii) Write the adverb form of 'perfect'.

(ix) When did Pasteur pass away?
A) On his seventieth birthday
B) On September 27, 1895
C) In the summer at Villeneuve Etang
D) Three months after his seventy-third birthday

(x) Who was considered the idol of France before Pasteur was voted as the greatest man?
A) Louis Pasteur   B) Vallery Radot   
C) Napoleon         D) A peasant