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8. mechanical properties of solids — Physics STD 11 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 SciencePhysics8. mechanical properties of solids1 Mark
MCQ
A solid expands upon heating because
  • ✓
    the potential energy of interaction between atoms in the solid is asymmetric about the equilibrium positions of atoms
  • B
    the frequency of vibration of the atoms increases
  • C
    the heating generates a thermal gradient between opposite sides
  • D
    a fluid called the caloric flows into the interatomic spacing of the solid during heating there by expanding it
✓

Answer

Correct option: A.
the potential energy of interaction between atoms in the solid is asymmetric about the equilibrium positions of atoms
a
(a)

Potential energy versus separation plot for two atoms in a solid is as shown below.

From above graph, we see that as temperature rises $\left(T_3 > T_2 > T_1\right)$, total energy of atoms also increases $\left(E_3 > E_2 > E_1\right)$

As a result, mean separation between atoms also increases $\left(r_3 > r_2 > r_1\right)$.

Hence, crystalline solids in general expands on heating.

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