MCQ
An association between two individuals or populations where both are benefitted and neither can survive without the other is _____?
- ACommensalism
- BAmensalism
- CProto-cooperation
- DMutualism
Explanation:
Mutualism is a mutually beneficial relationship between individuals of two different species. Neither of the two is capable of living separately e.g., Nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria living in root nodules of leguminous plants.
Protocooperation is a non-obligatory mutually beneficial relationship. E.g. Hermit crab and sea anemone.
In commensalism is an interaction in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed, e.g., Barnacles are often attached to the surface of whales for shelter and obtaining more food.
In ammensalism without deriving much benefit, one organism inhibits the other by secreting allochemics. The phenomenon is called antibiosis e.g., Trichoderma checks the growth of Aspergillus.
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Milk is incubated with curd
$\downarrow$
LAB shows growth in milk
$\downarrow$
Production of .....$A$.....
$\downarrow$
Coagulation and digestion of milk protein
$\downarrow$
Improved nutritional quality by increased ....$B$....
$I.$ Organic farming promotes the use of crop rotations and cover crops and encourages balanced host/predator relationships
$II.$ Integrated pest and weed management and soil conservation systems are valuable tools on an organic farm
$III.$ Organic farming protects the environment, minimize soil degradation and erosion and decrease pollution
Which of the statements given above are correct?
| Column $- I$ | Column $- II$ |
| $(I)$ Aspergillus niger | $(p)$ Lactic acid |
| $(II)$ Acetobacter aceti | $(q)$ Acetic acid |
| $(III)$ Lactobacillus | $(r)$ Citric acid |
| $(IV)$ Clostridium butylicuml | $(s)$ Butyric acid |
$I$ $II$ $III$ $IV$