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Answer the following question:
How will you convert phenol to benzoic acid?

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Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution. Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
  1. w/w (mass percentage)
  2. V/V (volume percentage)
  3. w/V (mass by volume percentage)
  4. ppm. (parts per million)
  5. x (mole fraction)
  6. M (Molarity)
  7. m (Molality)
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Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
1. $\left( CH _3\right)_2 CHNH _2$
2. $CH _3\left( CH _2\right)_2 NH _2$
3. $CH _3 NHCH \left( CH _3\right)_2$
4. $\left( CH _3\right)_3 CNH _2$
5. $C _6 H _5 NHCH _3$
Answer the following question:
$g$ of benzoic acid $(C_6H_5COOH)$ dissolved in $25g$ of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to $1.62K.$ Molal depression constant for benzene is $4.9K \ kg\ mol^{-1}.$ What is the percentage association of acid if it forms dimer in solution$?$
i. Give reasons :
a. Although $- \ce{NH2}$ group is o/p directing in electrophilic substitution reactions, yet aniline, on nitration gives good yield of $m-$nitroaniline.
b. $(\ce{CH 3)2NH}$ is more basic than $(\ce{CH3)3N}$ in an aqueous solution.
c. Ammonolysis of alkyl halides is not a good method to prepare pure primary amines.
ii. Distinguish between the following:
a. $\ce{CH 3 CH 2 NH 2}$ and $(\ce{CH 3 CH 2)2NH}$
b. Aniline and $\ce{CH3NH2}$
At $291K$, the molar conductivities at infinite dilution of $NH_4Cl, NaOH$ and $NaCl$ are $129.8, 217.4$ and $108.9S \ cm^2 mol^{-1}$ respectively. If the molar conductivity of a centinormal solution of $NH_4OH$ is $9.33S \ cm^2 mol^{-1},$ what is the percentage dissociation of $NH_4OH$ at this dilution? Also calculate the dissociation constant of $NH_4OH.$
A steady current of 2 amperes was passed through two electrolytic cells X and Y connected in series containing electrolytes $FeSO_{4}$ and $ZnSO_{4}$ until 2.8 g of Fe deposited at the cathode of cell X. How long did the current flow? Calculate the mass of Zn deposited at the cathode of cell Y. (Molar mass: $Fe = 56 g mol^{-1}, Zn = 65.3 g mol^{-1}, 1 F = 96500 C mol^{-1}$)
Explain the elimination reaction of haloalkanes.
$19.5 g$ of $\ce{CH2FCOOH}$ is dissolved in $500 g$ of water. The depression in the freezing point of water observed is $1.0^\circ C$. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic acid.
Describe the reactions of -COOH group present in carboxylic acids.