Reproductive Health — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

1. These devices contain either copper or progesterone and are inserted by doctors in the uterus through vagina. These are categorised as long term contraceptive methods.
2.  

1. Copper releasing IUDs: e.g. Cu-T, Cu-7, Multiload 375 and Paragard are some of the Cu-releasing IUDs.
2. Hormone releasing IUDs: e.g. Progestasert, LNG-20, Mirena are some of the well known hormone releasing IUDs.
3. Non-medicated IUDs: e.g. Lippes loop.

3. IUDs prevent contraception in the following ways:

1. By increasing phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
2. By suppressing the sperm motility and fertilizing ability of sperms by releasing Cu ions.
3. The hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.

IUDs are ideal contraceptives for females who want to maintain space among children and/ or delay pregnancy. It is one of most widely accepted methods of contraception in India.