Question
$\begin{vmatrix}\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2&\text{ab}&\text{ac}\\\text{ba}&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{bc}\\\text{ca}&\text{cb}&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}=4\text{a}^2\text{b}^2\text{c}^2$
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Answer
$\begin{vmatrix}\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2&\text{ab}&\text{ac}\\\text{ba}&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{bc}\\\text{ca}&\text{cb}&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}=4\text{a}^2\text{b}^2\text{c}^2$
$\text{L.H.S}=\begin{vmatrix}\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2&\text{ab}&\text{ac}\\\text{ba}&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{bc}\\\text{ca}&\text{cb}&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
Multiply R1, R2 and R3 by a, b and c respectively.
$=\frac{1}{\text{abc}}\begin{vmatrix}\text{ab}^2+\text{ac}^2&\text{a}^2\text{b}&\text{a}^2\text{c}\\\text{b}^2\text{a}&\text{bc}^2+\text{ba}^2&\text{b}^2\text{c}\\\text{c}^2\text{a}&\text{c}^2\text{b}&\text{ca}^2+\text{cb}^2\end{vmatrix}$
Take a, b, and c common from C1, C2 and C3 respectively.
$=\frac{\text{abc}}{\text{abc}}\begin{vmatrix}\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2&\text{a}^2\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
Now apply R1 → R1 + R2 + R3
$=\begin{vmatrix}2(\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2)&2(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)&2(\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2)\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
$=2\begin{vmatrix}(\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2)&(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)&(\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2)\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
$=2\begin{vmatrix}\text{c}^2&0&\text{a}^2\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
$=2\big[\text{c}^2\{(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)(\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2)-\text{b}^2\text{c}^2\}+\text{a}^2\{\text{b}^2\text{c}^2-(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)\text{c}^2\}\big]$
$=4\text{a}^2\text{b}^2\text{c}^2$
$=\text{R.H.S}$
$\text{L.H.S}=\begin{vmatrix}\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2&\text{ab}&\text{ac}\\\text{ba}&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{bc}\\\text{ca}&\text{cb}&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
Multiply R1, R2 and R3 by a, b and c respectively.
$=\frac{1}{\text{abc}}\begin{vmatrix}\text{ab}^2+\text{ac}^2&\text{a}^2\text{b}&\text{a}^2\text{c}\\\text{b}^2\text{a}&\text{bc}^2+\text{ba}^2&\text{b}^2\text{c}\\\text{c}^2\text{a}&\text{c}^2\text{b}&\text{ca}^2+\text{cb}^2\end{vmatrix}$
Take a, b, and c common from C1, C2 and C3 respectively.
$=\frac{\text{abc}}{\text{abc}}\begin{vmatrix}\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2&\text{a}^2\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
Now apply R1 → R1 + R2 + R3
$=\begin{vmatrix}2(\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2)&2(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)&2(\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2)\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
$=2\begin{vmatrix}(\text{b}^2+\text{c}^2)&(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)&(\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2)\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
$=2\begin{vmatrix}\text{c}^2&0&\text{a}^2\\\text{b}^2&\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2&\text{b}^2\\\text{c}^2&\text{c}^2&\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2\end{vmatrix}$
$=2\big[\text{c}^2\{(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)(\text{a}^2+\text{b}^2)-\text{b}^2\text{c}^2\}+\text{a}^2\{\text{b}^2\text{c}^2-(\text{c}^2+\text{a}^2)\text{c}^2\}\big]$
$=4\text{a}^2\text{b}^2\text{c}^2$
$=\text{R.H.S}$
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