Question
Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.
✓
Answer
Plant breeding is the process in which two genetically dissimilar varieties are purposely crossed to produce a new hybrid variety. As a result, characteristics from both parents can be obtained in the hybrid plant variety. Thus, it involves the production of a new variety with the desired characteristics such as resistance to diseases, climatic adaptability, and better productivity. The various steps involved in plant breeding are as follows:
- Collection of genetic variability: Genetic variability from various wild relatives of the cultivated species are collected to maintain the genetic diversity of a species. The entire collection of the diverse alleles of a gene in a crop is called the germplasm collection.
- Evaluation of germplasm and selection of parents: The germplasm collected is then evaluated for the desirable genes. The selected plants with the desired genes are then used as parents in plant breeding experiments and are multiplied by the process of hybridization.
- Cross-hybridization between selected parents: The next step in plant breeding is to combine the desirable characters present in two different parents to produce hybrids. It is a tedious job as one has to ensure that the pollen grains collected from the male parent reach the stigma of the female parent.
- Selection of superior hybrids: The progenies of the hybrids having the desired characteristics are selected through scientific evaluation. The selected progenies are then self-pollinated for several generations to ensure homozygosity.
- Testing, release, and commercialization of new cultivars: The selected progenies are evaluated for characters such as yield, resistance to diseases, performance, etc. by growing them in research fields for at least three growing seasons in different parts of the country. After thorough testing and evaluation, the selected varieties are given to the farmers for growing in fields for a large-scale production.
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
Describe female reproductive system.
Give the term/ reason:
Role of oxytocin during expulsion of the baby out of uterus.
Role of oxytocin during expulsion of the baby out of uterus.
Answer the following questions:
Draw a labelled diagram of a human ovum released after ovulation.
Draw a labelled diagram of a human ovum released after ovulation.
- List any four abiotie components that lead to variations in the physical and chemical conditions of different habitats.
- Explain the impact of these components distribution of organisms in different habitats.
- A primary succession start on a bare rock and reach a climax community
- What are the three types of RNA?
- Which one of these has the shape of a clover-leaf in two dimensional structure?
- How is each RNA related in the information flow during protein synthesis? Explain.
Why is thalassemia categorised as a Mendelian disorder? State the condition when an individual will suffer from the disease.
Answer the following questions:
You are given tall pea plants with yellow seeds whose genotypes are unknown. How would you find the genotype of these plants? Explain with the help of cross.
You are given tall pea plants with yellow seeds whose genotypes are unknown. How would you find the genotype of these plants? Explain with the help of cross.
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a technology that uses enzymes to cut and paste together DNA sequences of interest. The recombined DNA sequences can be placed into vehicles called vectors that ferry the DNA into a suitable host cell where it can be copied or expressed.
i. A bacterial cell is shown in the figure given below. Label the part 'A' and 'B'. Also, mention the use of part A in rDNA technology.
ii. Suppose a linear DNA fragment and a plasmid has three restriction sites for EcoRI. How many fragments will be produced from linear DNA and plasmid, respectively?
i. A bacterial cell is shown in the figure given below. Label the part 'A' and 'B'. Also, mention the use of part A in rDNA technology.
ii. Suppose a linear DNA fragment and a plasmid has three restriction sites for EcoRI. How many fragments will be produced from linear DNA and plasmid, respectively?
(i) Explain the significance of each of the following features present in plants given below:, (a) In rose-bay plant the stamens ripen before the stigma., (b) In certain species of primrose, the flowers have short stamen and long style., (c) The bisexual flower of mustard exhibits rejection of self-pollen grain., (ii) Explain how autogamy is prevented in castor and papaya plant respectively.