Question Bank [2022] — Psychology STD 12 Commerce / Arts — Question

Learning is a complex process. There are many processes of learning. The process of learning by Classical Conditioning is explained as follows:

Learning by Classical Conditioning was explained for the first time by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1928) through his experiment on a dog. He inserted a tube surgically in the dog’s salivary gland so that he could measure the amount of salivation. He then presented the sound of the bell and food one after the other several times and measured how much the dog salivated. After several trials the dog started salivating to the sound of the bell even when the food was not given. Based on his findings Pavlov gave a theory of learning called Classical Conditioning. In our daily life we learn many things by classical conditioning. For example, when a small child is given an injection, he starts crying due to pain. A small child slowly understands that whenever he visits the doctor, he is given an injection. When he understands the connection between ‘doctor’ and ‘injection’ he immediately starts crying as soon as he is taken to the doctor.