Question
Compare $\mathrm{C}_3$ and $\mathrm{C}_4$ plants on various parameters.
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Comparison of $\mathrm{C}_3$ and $\mathrm{C}_4$ Plants
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Characteristics
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$\mathrm{C}_3$ Plants
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$\mathrm{C}_4$ Plants
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Cell type in which the
Calvin cycle takes place
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Mesophyll
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Bundle sheath
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Cell type in which initial
Carboxylation takes place
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Mesophyll
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Mesophyll
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How many cells does the leaf have that fix $\mathrm{CO}_2$
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1; Mesophyll
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2; Mesophyll, bundle sheath
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Number of carbons in primary $\mathrm{CO}_2$, acceptor
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3
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3
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Primary $\mathrm{CO}_2$ fixation product
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3 phosphoglyceric acid
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Oxaloacetic acid
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No. of carbons in primary
$\mathrm{CO}_2$ fixation product
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3
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4
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Presence of RuBisCO
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yes
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yes
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Presence of PEPcase
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yes
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yes
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Cells having RuBisCO
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Mesophyll
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Bundle Sheath
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$\mathrm{CO}_2$ fixation rate under highlight conditions
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No
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yes
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Presence of photorespiration at low light intensities
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No
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No
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Presence of photorespiration at High light intensities
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yes
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No
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Presence of photorespiration at low $\mathrm{CO}_2$ concentration
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yes
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No
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Presence of photorespiration at high $\mathrm{CO}_2$ concentration
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No
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No
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Temperature optimum
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20-25 degree C
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30-40 degree C
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Examples
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Mango, guava
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Maize, cactus
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