MCQ
Consider the following statements

$I.$ In microinjection method foreign $DNA$ is directly injected into the nucleus of animal cell or plant cell by using micro needles or micro pipettes

$II.$ Microinjection method is used in oocytes, eggs and embryo

$III.$ Electroporation is the formation of temporary pores in the plasma membrane of host cell by using lysozyme or calcium chloride

$IV.$ In chemical mediated gene transfer method certain chemicals such as $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ help foreign $DNA$ to enter the host cell

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  • $I \;and\; II$
  • B
    $I, II\;and\; III$
  • C
    $II, III \;and\; IV$
  • D
    $I, II, III\; and \;IV$

Answer

Correct option: A.
$I \;and\; II$
a
Microinjection $DNA$ is directly injected into plant protoplasts or cells (specifically into the nucleus or cytoplasm) using fine tipped ($0.5-1.0$ micrometer diameter) glass needle or micropipette. This method of gene transfer is used to introduce $DNA$ into large cells such as oocytes, eggs, and the cells of early embryo. Electroporation It involves a pulse of high voltage applied to protoplasts/cells/tissues to make transient (temporory) pores in the plasma membranes which facilitates the uptake of foreign $DNA$. The cells are place in a solution containing $DNA$ and subjected to electrical shock to cause holes in the membranes. The foreign $DNA$ fragments enter through the holes into the cytoplasm and then to nucleus. Chemical Mediated Gene Transfer Chemicals like Polyethylene Glycol $(PEG)$ and sulphate induce $DNA$ uptake into plant protoplasts. Calcium phosphate is also used to transfer $DNA$ into cultured cells

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