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Respiration and Energy Transfer — Biology STD 11 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceBiologyRespiration and Energy Transfer4 Marks
Question
Define fermentation. What are the different types of fermentation?
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Answer

$1.$ Anaerobic respiration is the cellular respiration that does not involve the atmospheric oxygen. It is also called as fermentation.
$2.$ It involves glycolysis where the product of glycolysis i.e. pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or ethanol.
It is a process of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvic acid undergoes reduction by addition of one proton and two electrons donated by $NADH+H^+$ to form lactic acid as the product and $NAD^+$ as the byproduct of oxidation. Skeletal muscles usually derive energy by this process.
Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is then reduced by $NADH+H^+$ to ethanol and Carbon dioxide. Since ethanol is produced during the process, it is termed alcoholic fermentation.

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