Industries — Social Science STD 8 — Question

What change occurred in the 18th century in Mughal army?

What are the major factors affecting soil formation?

“Literacy in itself is not education”
Mahatma Gandhi wrote:
By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man-body, mind and spirit. Literacy is not the end of education nor even the beginning. It is only one of the means whereby man and woman can be educated. Literacy in itself is not education. I would therefore begin the child’s education by teaching it a useful handicraft and enabling it to produce from the moment it begins its training … I hold that the highest development of the mind and the soul is possible under such a system of education. Only every handicraft has to be taught not merely mechanically as is done today but scientifically, i.e. the child should know the why and the wherefore of every process.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 72, p. 79’
Questions:

1. How does Mahatma Gandhi view literacy?
2. Why does he give so much emphasis on learning a useful handicraft?

What are mineral-based industries?

Differentiate between abiotic and biotic resources.

What was the contribution of the Christian missionaries in spreading education among the tribal group and the lower caste?

Thomas Macaulay urged the British government to promote western education in India. Give reason.

Do you think that lack of access to proper sanitation facilities affects peoples’ lives? How?

Define arbitrary.

How is secularism practised in India?