Human Resource — Social Science STD 8 — Question

By what names is shifting cultivation known in different regions of the world?

Name the strategies followed by the Indian government to establish secularism.

List two reasons why you believe an independent judiciary is essential to democracy.###What is the need of an independent judiciary in a democracy?###You read that one of the main functions of the judiciary is ‘upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights’. Why do you think an independent judiciary is necessary to carry out this important function?

What are the efforts made by government to eradicate manual scavenging?

Enlist the climate conditions required for the proper cultivation of rice. Mention the main regions of its production.

What are the uses of water resources?

What do you mean by universal access to water?

Why is land considered an important resource?

Which tribal group was reluctant to work for others and why?

“Literacy in itself is not education”
Mahatma Gandhi wrote:
By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man-body, mind and spirit. Literacy is not the end of education nor even the beginning. It is only one of the means whereby man and woman can be educated. Literacy in itself is not education. I would therefore begin the child’s education by teaching it a useful handicraft and enabling it to produce from the moment it begins its training … I hold that the highest development of the mind and the soul is possible under such a system of education. Only every handicraft has to be taught not merely mechanically as is done today but scientifically, i.e. the child should know the why and the wherefore of every process.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 72, p. 79’
Questions:

1. How does Mahatma Gandhi view literacy?
2. Why does he give so much emphasis on learning a useful handicraft?