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Human Health and Diseases — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYHuman Health and Diseases5 Marks
Question
Describe the different type of immunity.
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Answer

There are two basic types of immunity, viz. innate immunity and acquired immunity.
(A) Innate immunity:

  1. Innate immunity is natural, inborn immunity, which helps the body to fight against the invasion of microorganisms.
  2. Innate immunity is non-specific because it does not depend on previous exposure to foreign substances.
  3. Innate immunity mechanisms consist of various types of barriers such as anatomical barriers, physiological barriers, phagocytic barriers and inflammatory barriers. They prevent entry of foreign agents into the body.

(B) Acquired immunity:

  1. The immunity that an individual acquires during his life is called acquired immunity or adaptive immunity or specific immunity. It helps the body to adapt by fighting against specific antigens hence it is called adaptive immunity. Since it is produced specifically against an antigen, it is called specific immunity.
  2. Acquired immunity takes long time for its activation.
  3. This type of immunity is seen only in vertebrates.
  4. Due to acquired immunity, the body is able to defend against any invading foreign agent.

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