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carbon and its compounds — Science STD 10 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Sciencecarbon and its compounds3 Marks
Question
Describe the formation of coal and petroleum.
✓

Answer

  • Coal and petroleum have been formed from biomass which has been subjected to various biological and geological processes.
  • Coal is the remains of trees, ferns and other plants that lived millions of years ago.
  • These were crushed into the earth, perhaps by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
  • They were pressed down by layers of earth and rock.
  • They slowly decayed into coal.
  • Oil and gas are the remains of millions of tiny plants and animals that lived in the sea.
  • When they died, their bodies sank to the sea-bed and were covered by silt.
  • Bacteria attacked the dead remains, turning them into oil and gas under the high pressure.
  • Thus, the silt was slowly compressed into rock.
  • The oil and gas seeped into the porous parts of the rock and got trapped in it.
  • Oil and gas were formed by this process.

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