Blue- White Colony Selection Method is a powerful method used for screening of recombinant plasmid. In this method, a reporter gene lacZ is inserted in the vector. The lacZ encodes the enzyme P-galactosidase and contains several recognition sites for restriction enzyme.P-galactosidase breaks a synthetic substrates called X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloroindolyl- P-D- galacto-pyranoside) into an insoluble blue coloured product. If a foreign gene is inserted into lacZ, this gene will be inactivated.
Therefore, no-blue colour will develop (white) because P-galactosidase is not synthesized due to inactivation of lacZ. Therefore, the host cell containing r-DNA form white coloured colonies on the medium contain X-gal, whereas the other cells containing non-recombinant DNA will develop the blue coloured colonies. On the basis of colony colour, the recombinants can be selected.