Question
Describe the structure of antibody.
✓
Answer
- Antibodies are highly specific to specific antigens. They are glycoprotein called immunoglobulins (Igs.).
- They are produced by plasma cells. Plasma cells are in turn formed by B-lymphocytes.
- About 2000 molecules of antibodies are formed per second by the plasma cells.
- Antibody is a ‘Y’-shaped molecule. It has four polypeptide chains, two heavy or H-chains and two light or L-chains.
- Disulfide bonds (-s-s-) hold the polypeptide chains together to form a ‘Y’-shaped structure.
- The region holding arms and stem of antibody is termed as hinge. Each chain of the antibody has two distinct regions, the variable region and the constant region.
- Variable regions have a paratope which is an antigen-binding site. This part of antibody recognizes and binds to the specific antigen forming an antigen-antibody complex.
- Antibodies are called bivalent as they carry two antigen binding sites.
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
What is an ecosystem service? List any four important ecosystem services provided by the natural ecosystems. Are you in favour or against levying a charge on the service provided by the ecosystem?
In the case of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) a plant with red flowers was crossed with another plant with white flowers. Trace the inheritance of flower colour up to $F_2$ generation indicating the genotype and phenotype at each level. What special feature do you notice in the genotype and phenotype ratio in $F_2$ generation?
→Discuss transgenic animals. Explain any four ways in which such animals can be beneficial for humans.
What is meant by traditional knowledge? What is its importance?
Long Answer Questions: Enlist seven traits of pea plant selected / studied by Mendel.
Arrange the following in the decreasing order (most important first) of their importance, for the welfare of human society. Give reasons for your answer.
A pea plant homozygous for yellow round seed is crossed with its recessive parents. Calculate the phenotypic and genotypic ratio with the help of checker board.
Study the illustration given and answer the questions that follow:
Identify ‘a’.
Identify ‘a’.
Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow:
+ = Beneficial interaction
- = Detrimental interaction
0 = Neutral interaction
Identify a, b, c and d in the given table and explain any three of them with the help of an example each.
|
Species A
|
Species B
|
Name of interaction
|
|
(+)
|
(+)
|
(A)
|
|
(-)
|
(-)
|
(b)
|
|
(+)
|
(-)
|
(c)
|
|
(+)
|
(0)
|
(d)
|
- = Detrimental interaction
0 = Neutral interaction
Identify a, b, c and d in the given table and explain any three of them with the help of an example each.
Enumerate the points that have to be considered for successful bee-keeping.