The environment consists of several distinct domains, each with its unique characteristics. These are discussed below
(i) Lithosphere - The lithosphere is the solid crust or hard top layer of the Earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil.
(ii) Hydrosphere - The hydrosphere is the domain of water. It includes various sources of water and water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc.
(iii) Atmosphere - The atmosphere is the thin layer of air surrounding the Earth. The gravitational force of the Earth holds the atmosphere around it. It protects us from harmful rays and excessive heat from the Sun.
(iv) Biosphere - The biosphere or the living world consists of all living organisms, including both plant and animal kingdoms. It is a narrow zone on the Earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.