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Social Movements — Sociology STD 12 Humanities — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 HumanitiesSociologySocial Movements6 Marks
Question
Describe the Women's Movement.
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Answer

  1. The 19th century social reform movements and early women's organizations.
$19^{th}$ century:
  • The social reform movements which emerged in India in the 19th century arose to the challenges that colonial Indian society faced.
  • The well known issues are that of sati, child marriage, widow remarriage and caste discrimination.
  • Rammohun Roy attacked the practice of sati on the basis of both appeals to humanitarian and natural rights doctrines as well as Hindu shastras.
  • Ranade's writings entitled The Texts of the Hindu Law on the Lawfulness of the Remarriage of Widows and Vedic Authorities for Widow Marriage elaborated the shastric sanction for remarriage of widows.
20th century:
  • The early 20th century saw the growth of women's organizations at a national and local level.
  • The Women's India Association (WIA) (1917) All India Women's Conference (AIWC) (1926), National Council for Women in India (NCWI) (1925).
  • While many of them began with a limited focus, their scope extended over time. For instance, the AIWC began with the idea that' women's welfare' and 'politics' were mutually exclusive.
  • It can be argued that this period of activity did not constitute a social movement. It can be argued otherwise too.
  • It did have organizations, ideology, leadership, a shared understanding and the aim of bringing about changes on a public issue.
  • What they succeeded together was to create an atmosphere where the women's question could not be ignored.
  1. Agrarian struggles and revolts:
  • It is often assumed that only middle class educated women are involved in social movements.
  • Part of the struggle has been to remember the forgotten history of women's participation.
  • Women participated along with men in struggles and revolts originating in tribal and rural areas in the colonial period.
  • Some examples:
  • The Tebhaga movement in Bengal.
  • The Telangana arms struggle form the erstwhile Nizam's rule.
  • The Warli tribal's revolt against bondage in Maharashtra.

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