Judiciary — Social Science STD 8 — Question

1.

Deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences. For example, theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder.

Deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals. For example, disputes relating to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce cases.

2.

It usually begins with the lodging of an First Information Report (FIR) with the police who investigate the crime after which a case is filed in the court.

A petition has to be filed before the relevant court by the affected party only. In a rent matter, either the landlord or tenant can file a case.

3.

If found guilty, the accused can be sent to jail and also fined.

The court gives the specific relief asked for. For instance, in a case between a landlord and a tenant, the court can order the flat to be vacated and pending rent to be paid.