Question
Differentiate between lanthanoids and actinoids.
✓
Answer
| Lanthanoids | Actinoids |
| Electronic configuration $[Xe] 4f^{1-14} 5d^{0-1}, 6s^2$ | Electronic configuration $[Rn] 5f^{1-14} 6d^{0-1}, 7s^2$ |
| The differentiating electron enters the $4f$ subshell. | The differentiating electron enters the 5f subshell. |
| Except for Promethium all other elements occur in nature. | Except for Uranium and Thorium, all others are synthesized in the laboratory. |
| The binding energy of $4f$ electrons is higher. | $5f$-orbitals have lower binding energy. |
| Only Promethium is radioactive. | All elements are radioactive. |
| Besides $3$ + oxidation state they show $2$ + and $4$ + oxidation states. | Besides $3$ + oxidation state they show $2 + , 4 + , 5 + , 6 + , 7$ + oxidation states. |
| They have a less tendency to form complexes. | They have greater tendency to form complexes. |
| Many lanthanoid ions are colourless. Their colour is not as deep and sharp as actinoids. | Actinoids are coloured ions. Their colour is deep, e.g. $U^{3+}$ is red and $U^{4+}$ is green. |
| Lanthanoids cannot form oxo-cations. | Actinoids form oxo-cations such as $– UO_2^+, PuO_2^+, UO_2^{2+}, PuO_2^{2+}.$ |
| Lanthanoid hydroxides are less basic. | Actinoid hydroxides are more basic. |
| Lanthanoid contraction is relatively less. | Actinoid contraction from element to element is comparatively more. |
| Mutual shielding of $4f$ electrons is more. | Mutual shielding effect of $5f$ electrons is less. |
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