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Differentiation — Maths STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceMathsDifferentiation5 Marks
Question
Differentiate $\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)$ with respect to $\sin^{-1}\Big(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}\Big),$ if $-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
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Answer

Let, $\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{x}}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)$
Put $\text{x}=\sin\theta$
$\Rightarrow\theta=\sin^{-1}\text{x}$
$\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{\sqrt{1-\sin^{2}\theta}}\Big)$
$\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}\Big)$
$\Rightarrow\text{u}=\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)\ .....(\text{i})$
And
Let, $\text{v}=\sin^{-1}(2\text{x}\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2})$
$\text{v}=\sin^{-1}(2\sin\theta\sqrt{1-\sin^{2}\theta})$
$\text{v}-\sin^{-1}(2\sin\theta\cos\theta)$
$\text{v}=\sin^{-1}(\sin2\theta)\ .....(\text{ii})$
Here,
$-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\text{x}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
$\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}<\sin\theta<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
$\Rightarrow-\frac{\pi}{4}<\theta<\frac{\pi}{4}$
So, from equation (i)
$\text{u}=\theta\Big[\text{since,}\tan^{-1}(\tan\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)\Big]$
$\Rightarrow\text{u}=\sin^{-1}\text{x}$
Differentiatiating it with respect to x,
$\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iii})$
From equation (ii),
$\text{v}=2\theta\Big[\text{Since,}\sin^{-1}(\sin\theta)=\theta,\text{if }\theta\in\Big[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\Big]\Big]$
$\Rightarrow\text{v}=2\sin^{-1}\text{x}$
Differentiating it with respect to x,
$\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\ .....(\text{iv})$
Dividing equation (iii) by (iv),
$\frac{\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dx}}}{\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}}=\Big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}\Big)\Big(\frac{\sqrt{1-\text{x}^2}}{2}\Big)$
$\therefore\frac{\text{du}}{\text{dv}}=\frac{1}{2}$

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