Physiology And Injuries In Sports — Physical Education STD 12 Commerce — Question
CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommercePhysical EducationPhysiology And Injuries In Sports5 Marks
Question
Discuss any three immediate effects of exercise on cardiovascular system.
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Answer
Immediate Effects of Exercises:
Increase in Heart Rate: Generally, the resting heart rate of an adult remains at 72 beats per minute. The best endurance athletes usually have 28-40 beats per minute. Even before beginning of exercise the heart rate increases in anticipation. It is known as anticipatory response. When an individual starts exercising, his heart rate increases as per the intensity and duration of the exercise.
Increase in Stroke Volume: Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected per beat from the left ventricle. It is measured in ml/beat. Stroke volume increases proportionally with intensity of the exercise. In untrained, individuals, the stroke volume at rest remains at 50-70ml/beat. It increases up to 110-130ml/beat during intense exercise. The stroke volume of experienced athletes at rest remains at 90-110ml/beat. It increases up to 150-220ml/beat during intensive exercise.
Increase in Cardiac Output: Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It is measured in litre/minute. Cardiac output is a product of stroke volume and heart rate. If either heart rate or stroke volume increases or both, the cardiac output increases also. The cardiac output increases proportionally with the intensity of exercise. At rest the cardiac output is about 5 litre/minute but during intense exercise it can increase up to 20-40 litre/minute.
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