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Learning — Psychology STD 11 Humanities — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 HumanitiesPsychologyLearning5 Marks
Question
Discuss general determinants of learning.
OR
Discuss factors which facilitate learning.
✓

Answer

Salient factors which are found very important are as follows:
  1. Continuous vs Partial Reinforcement:
  • Two kinds of schedules namely continuous and partial have been found very important.
  • In continuous reinforcement: the participant is given reinforcement after each target response.
  • This kind of schedule of reinforcement produces a high rate of responding.
  • Once the reinforcement is withheld, response rates decrease very quickly.
  • Where reinforcement is not continuous, some responses are not reinforced. called partial or intermittent reinforcement.
  • It has been found that partial reinforcement schedules often produce very high rates of responding, particularly when responses are reinforced according to ratio.
  • Extinction of a response is more difficult following partial reinforcement than following continuous reinforcement.
  1. Motivation:
  • Motivation is a mental as well as a physiological state, which arouses an organism to act for fulfilling the current need.
  • Motivation energises an organism to act vigorously for attaining some goal.
  • Motivation is a prerequisite for learning.
  1. Preparedness for Learning:
  • The mechanisms necessary for establishing association, such as S-S or S-R, also vary from species to species.
  • It implies that one can learn only those associations for which one is genetically prepared.
  • They can learn such tasks, but only with great difficulty and persistence. (iv) Learning Styles.
  • Learning style may be defined as a learner's consistent way of responding to and using stimuli in the context of learning'.
  • It is 'they way in which each learner begins to concentrate, processes, and retains new and complex information'.
  • Learning styles are mainly derived from Perceptual Modality, Information Processing, and Personality Patterns.
  1. Perceptual Modality: It refers to the preferences of persons through which they take in information such as auditory, visual, smell, kinesthetic, and tactile.
  2. Information Processing distinguishes: This may be thought of as the way we process information. For example, active/reflective, serial/simultaneous, etc.
  3. Personality Patterns: This approach focuses on understanding how personality affects the way people interact with the environment, and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other.

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