Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany on May 5, 1818. Marx was educated at the Treves school. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Jena in June, 1841. Marx's personal life was a difficult struggle. Marx died on 14th March, 1883.
Karl Marx says that each society has two opposite classes:
- The exploiters (means capitalists),
- The exploited (means workers).
The term 'surplus value' refers to the quantity of value produced by the worker beyond the necessary labour time i.e., the working time required to produce a value equal to the one he has received in the form of wages. The term 'alienation' refers to the work alien, which means foreigner, and therefore alienation would mean becoming stranger to one's own people and the product etc. In a capitalist society, alienation dominates every institutional sphere such as religion, economy and polity.