Discuss the condition required for the cultivation of wheat.
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Answer
Suitable graphical conditions required for wheat cultivation are:
Temperature: The temperature required for wheat during growing season is around 15.5°C. The weather should be warm and moist during the early stage of growth and sunny and dry in the later stages.The average temperature of the hottest month should not exceed 20°C. A frost-free period of 100 days is usually required but some fast-ripening varieties may mature only in 90 days.
Rainfall: The amount of rainfall required for wheat cultivation varies between 30cm and 100cm. The major wheat lands of the temperate regions have an annual rainfall of 38cm to 80cm. The spring wheat region of Canadian Prairies only receives around 46cm of rainfall, but it comes in the early summers when the wheat is growing. Wheat is also grown in areas having lesser amount of rainfall, i.e., 25cm. This has been done by adopting dry farming method. Also where irrigation facilities are available, wheat is cultivated in dry lands also.
Soils: The soil suitable for wheat is either light clay or heavy loam. The world’s best wheat comes from the chernozem soils in the ‘Black Earth’ region of the Ukrainian Steppes, the dark brown soil of North America and also the grey brown podzolic soils of the deciduous forest region.
Topography: Wheat is grown in plain as well as in rolling topography, which provides adequate drainage and at the same time facilities of the use of machinery. The world’s largest commercial wheat lands are the undulating temperate grasslands of Steppes, Prairies, Pampas and the Australian Downs.
Technology: In wheat cultivation maximum use of technology is possible. The commercial wheat farming is technology-intensive cultivation which requires tractors, harvesters, threshers, elevators, etc.
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