Question
Discuss the Curie law for paramagnetic material.

Answer

Curie’s law : The magnetization of a paramagnetic material is directly proportional to the external magnetic field and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature of the material.

If a paramagnetic material at an absolute temperature T is placed in an external magnetic field of induction , the magnitude of its magnetization
$
M _z \propto \frac{B_{\text {ext }}}{T} \therefore M _z=C \frac{B_{\text {ext }}}{T}
$
where the proportionality constant $C$ is called the Curie constant.
[Notes : (1) The above law, discovered experimentally in 1895 by Pierre Curie (1859-1906) French physcist, is true only for values of Bext/ $T$ below about 0.5 tesla per kelvin.
(2) $[ C ]=\left[ M _z \cdot T \right] /\left[ B _{ ext }\right]=\left[ L ^{-1} I \cdot \Theta\right] /\left[ MT ^{-2} I ^{-1}\right]$
$
=\left[ M ^{-1} L ^{-1} T ^2 I ^2{ }^{\Theta}\right]
$
where $\Theta$ denotes the dimension of temperature.]

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