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EMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY — Economics STD 12 Commerce — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceEconomicsEMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY5 Marks
Question
Discuss the Negative effects of Migration.
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Answer

$1.$ Introduction:
  • Migration from rural sector to urban sector or the migration of professionals create positive effects.
  • Owing to migration, means of employment and lack of wealth the people of villages are compelled to migrate to big cities.
  • Therefore they have to join labour based industries.
  • They are under paid as they are too much needy.
  • They have to live in slums. E.g. Migrants have come from Bihar, Panch Mahal and Uttar Pradesh to Gujarat and Ahmedabad.
  • They are mainly employed in building construction, The effects of 'Push' migration are as under.
$2.$ Negative effects of Migration:
$(1)$ Uncontrolled Urbanization:
  • When less educated, unskilled, poor people of the villages migrate to the cities they have to live in the distant areas of the city owing to their lack of skill.
  • This creates the problems of unregulated urbanisation.
  • The income of migrants is so migre $($low$)$ and uncertain that they have to live in slums.
  • They make slums on the sides of the road and create problems in our traffic system.
  • Many problems of sanitation arise.
  • They become the victims of epidemic.
  • Their quality of life is very low.
  • Slums expand as there is no alternative for them in the cities.
$(2)$ Scarcity of Infrastructural facilities:
  • It is very difficult for urban administration to provide dwelling to these poor migrants from villages.
  • As a result, anywhere on the roadside, hutments and slums have come into existence.
  • Infrastructure facilities such as water, drainage, electricity, road, transportation, communication, latrines, education, health services are not adequately provided.
  • Therefore this poor people are affected by serious diseases.
$(3)$ Issue of Environmental pollution:
  • In the urban areas slums and hutments have created the issues of pollution of air.
  • Shortage of water and drainage, toilet facility along with the problem of discharge of waste water is very serious.
  • Due to this many water based diseases occur.
  • Garbage creates air pollution.
  • Its best examples are cities like Ahmedabad, Ankleshwar, Surat, Mumbai, Kolkata etc.
  • People living in these areas have to go quite far for employment.
  • There is no public transportation facility so they use private transportation which creates air and noise pollution.
  • Water pollution is a serious problem.
$(4)$ Social Problems:
  • Sometimes migration creates social problems.
  • Migrants from villages sometimes cannot earn income as they had expected to earn.
  • They are sometimes not able to get regular income.
  • Comparison and high expectations drag them into robbery, wine and some unlawful business.
  • Some are involved in smuggling and narcotics which creates social inequality and causes unrest in society.
  • In short, the migrants are directly severely affected by negative effects of migration at the same time other people are also affected indirectly.
  • Epidemic spread through filthy air and water also affect people residing near slums and hutment.
  • Owing to migration social conflicts arise regarding language, culture and lifestyle.
  • Anti social activities expand.

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