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Carbon and its Compounds — Science STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceCarbon and its Compounds3 Marks
Question
Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions with the help of the chemical equations for each. State one use of each (i) esters, and (ii) saponification process.
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Answer

Sructural formula of ethanol:$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}_2 \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H}_3\text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{OH}$
On adding conc. sulphuric acid to ethanol and heating the mixture up to 443 k (443 K - 273 = 170ºC) gives ethene.$\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}\xrightarrow[170\text{ C}]{\text{conc. H}_2\text{SO}_4}\text{CH}_2 = \text{CH}_2+\text{H}_2 \\$
The role of conc. $H_2SO_4$ in the above reaction is that it is used as a dehydratimg agent and causes dehydration of ethanol.

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