Directing — Business Studies STD 12 Commerce — Question

State three techniques that have been developed through research and refinement of management principles.

What kind of cases can be filed in a State Commission?

State three reasons as to why study of management principles is necessary.
OR
State some of the significance of management principles.

OR
The principles of management are established on cause and effect relationship. This helps to analyse and predict the probable result of applying a particular principle in a given situation. How does it prove to be helpful to business organisations.

What are the main basis of setting standards?

Explain any three reasons, which clarify that management is gaining importance day by day.

Hemant, Guddu and Toshita were friends from college days and presently they were doing different kinds of business. They regularly meet and discuss their business ideas, and exchange notes on customer satisfaction, marketing efforts, product designing, selling techniques, social concerns, etc.
In one of such meetings, Hemant drew the attention of Guddu andToshita towards the exploitation of consumers. He told that most of the sellers were exploiting the consumers in various ways and were not paying attention towards the social, ethical and ecological aspects of marketing, whereas he was not doing so. Guddu told that they were under pressure to satisfy the consumers but stated that the consumers would not buy or not buy enough unless they were adequately convinced and motivated for the same.
Toshita stressed that a company cannot achieve its objectives without satisfying the needs of the customers. It was the duty of the businessmen to keep consumer satisfaction in mind, because business is run by the resources made available by the society. She further stated that she herself was taking into consideration the needs of the customers.
Identify the various types of thinking that guided Hemant, Guddu and Toshita in the marketing efforts of their business. Also, state one more feature each of the various types of thinking identified that is not given in the above paragraph.

Name the type of formal communication illustrated through following examples:

1. Application for grant of leave.
2. Sending notice to employees to attend a meeting.
3. A production manager may contact marketing manager to discuss about schedule of product delivery, product design, quality, etc.

Distinguish between Policy and Procedure.

Atul joins as a Regional Sales Head in the export division of a FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) company. In a departmental meeting, he asks one of this subordinates, Manik, to take charge of the company’s new office in Dubai. He allocates the work to him and grants the necessary authority. However, within a month by seeking regular feedback on the extent of work accomplished from Manik, Atul realises that Manik is not doing the work as per his expectations. So he takes away the authority delegated to him and re delegates the work to Prakrit. Due to the time wasted in this switch over, the work at the Dubai office suffers tremendously and the company is not able to meet its desired goals.
In context of the above case :

1. Why is Manik supposed to give regular feedback about work to Atul ?
2. Can the authority granted to a subordinate be taken back and re-delegated to another person ?
3. Can Manik be held responsible for not meeting the work related expectations of Atul? Give a suitable reason in support of your answer.
4. Differentiate between authority, responsibility and accountability on the basis of origin and flow.

Explain briefly ‘Unity of Direction’ and ‘Order’ as principles of general management.