Question
Evaluate $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \sin x d x$

Answer

Let $I=\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \sin x d x$ 
$I=\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right) d x=\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \cos x d x$ 
Adding the two values of I, we get
$2 \mathrm{I}=\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}(\log \sin x+\log \cos x) d x$ 
= $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}(\log \sin x \cos x+\log 2-\log 2) d x$ (by adding and subtracting log 2)
= $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \sin 2 x d x-\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log 2 d x$ 
Put 2x = t in the first integral. Then 2 dx = dt, when x = 0, t = 0 and when $x=\frac{\pi}{2}$, t = $\pi$ 
Therefore, 2I = $\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{\pi} \log \sin t d t-\frac{\pi}{2} \log 2$ 
= $\frac{2}{2} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \sin t d t-\frac{\pi}{2} \log 2$  
= $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \sin x d x-\frac{\pi}{2} \log 2$ ((by changing variable t to x)
= $I-\frac{\pi}{2} \log 2$ 
Hence, $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \log \sin x d x=\frac{-\pi}{2} \log 2$ 

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free