Evaluate the following: x&1&1 1&x&1 1&1&x - Vidyadip

Question

Evaluate the following:
$\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}&1&1\\1&\text{x}&1\\1&1&\text{x}\end{vmatrix}$

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Answer

Let $\triangle=\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}&1&1\\1&\text{x}&1\\1&1&\text{x}\end{vmatrix}$
$\triangle=\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}&1&1\\1&\text{x}&1\\1&1&\text{x}\end{vmatrix}$
$=\begin{vmatrix}\text{x}-1&1-\text{x}&0\\1&\text{x}&1\\0&1-\text{x}&\text{x}-1\end{vmatrix}$ [Applying $R_1 → R_1 - R_2$ and $R_3 → R_3 - R_2$]
$=(\text{x}-1)^2\begin{vmatrix}1&-1&0\\1&\text{x}&1\\0&-1&1\end{vmatrix}$
$=(\text{x}-1)^2\begin{vmatrix}1&-1&0\\1&\text{x}+1&1\\0&0&1\end{vmatrix}$ [Applying $C_2 → C_2 + C_3$]
$=(\text{x}-1)^2(\text{x}+1+1)$ [Expanding along last row]
$=(\text{x}-1)^2(\text{x}+2)$
$\therefore\triangle=(\text{x}-1)^2(\text{x}+2)$

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