Download App

Definite Integrals — Maths STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceMathsDefinite Integrals4 Marks
Question
Evaluate the following integrals as limit of sum:
$\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{0}\cos\text{x dx}$
✓

Answer

$\int\limits^{\text{b}}_\text{a}\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\Big[\text{f}(\text{a})+\text{f}(\text{a}+\text{h})+\text{f}(\text{a}+2\text{h})\ +\\ ....\ +\text{f}(\text{a}+(\text{n}-1)\text{h})\Big]$
Where, $\text{h}=\frac{\text{b}-\text{a}}{\text{n}}$
Here, $\text{a}=0,\text{ b}=\frac{\pi}{2},\text{ f(x)}=\cos\text{x},\text{ h}=\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}-0}{\text{n}}=\frac{\pi}{2\text{n}}$
Therefore, $\text{I}=\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{0}\cos\text{x dx}$
$=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\big[\text{f}(0)+\text{f}(0+\text{h})+\ ....\ +\text{f}\big(0+(\text{n}-1)\text{h}\big)\big]$
$=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\big[\cos0+\cos\text{h}+\cos2\text{h}+\ ....+\ \cos(\text{n}-1)\text{h}\big]$
$=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\text{h}\Bigg[\frac{\cos\big((\text{n}-1)\frac{\text{h}}{2}\big)\sin\frac{\text{nh}}{2}}{\sin\frac{\text{h}}{2}}\Bigg]$
$=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg[\frac{\cos\big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\text{h}}{2}\Big)\sin\frac{\pi}{4}}{\sin\frac{\text{h}}{2}}\Bigg]$ $\Big(\text{Using, nh}=\frac{\pi}{2}\Big)$ 
$=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\Bigg[\frac{\frac{\text{h}}{2}}{\sin\frac{\text{h}}{2}}\times2\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\text{h}}{2}\Big)\sin\frac{\pi}{4}\Bigg]$
$=\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}\frac{\frac{\text{h}}{2}}{\sin\frac{\text{h}}{2}}\times\lim\limits_{\text{h}\rightarrow0}2\cos\Big(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\text{h}}{2}\Big)\sin\frac{\pi}{4}$
$=2\cos\frac{\pi}{4}\sin\frac{\pi}{4}$
$=2\times\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\times\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
$=1$ 

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Explore more

More "4 Marks" from Definite Integrals→Definite Integrals — all question types→Maths STD 12 Science question papers→Gujarat Board STD 12 Science question papers→Gujarat Board question paper generator→

Similar questions

Show that the points A(1, -2, -8), B(5, 0, -2) and C(11, 3, 7) are collinear, and find the ratio in which B divides AC.
→
Find the value of $\lambda$ such that the line $\frac{\text{x}-2}{6}=\frac{\text{y}-1}{\lambda}=\frac{\text{z}+5}{-4}$ is perpendicular to the plane 3x - y - 2z = 7.
→
Find the distance between the point (-1, -5, -10) and the point of intersection of the line $\frac{x - 2}{3} = \frac{y + 1}{4} = \frac{z - 2}{12}$ and the plane $x - y + z = 5.$
→
Show that $\text{A}=\begin{bmatrix} -8 & 5 \\ 2 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ sastisfies the equation A2 + 4A - 42I = 0. Hence find A-1.
→
Define a binary operation * on the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} as:
$\text{a}\times\text{b}=\begin{cases}\text{a + b},&\text{if }\text{a + b}<6\\\text{a + b}-6,&\text{if }\text{a + b}\geq6\end{cases}$
Show that 0 is the identity for this operation and each element a ≠ 0 of the set is invertible with 6 − a being the inverse of a.
→
Prove that the line through A(0, -1, -1) and B(4, 5, 1) intersects the line through C(3, 9, 4) and D(-4, 4, 4).
→
Evaluate the following integrals:

$\int\frac{\text{x}}{\text{x}^2+3\text{x}+2}\text{ dx}$

→
Solve the following differential equation:

$4\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}+8\text{y}=5\text{e}^{-3\text{x}}$

→
Evaluate the following integrals:
$\int\limits^2_{0}\big|\text{x}^2-3\text{x}+2\big|\text{dx}$
→
Find the points o local maxima or local minima, if any, of the following functions, using the first derivatives test. Also, find the local maximum or local minimum values, as the case may be: 
$\text{f}(\text{x})=\sin\text{x}-\cos(\text{x}), 0\leq\text{x}\leq2\pi$
→