Question
Evaluate the following integrals:
$\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
$\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
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Answer
Let $\text{I}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}\text{ dx}\ ...(\text{i})$
$\Rightarrow\text{I}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
$\Big[\text{Using},\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx}\Big]$
$\text{I}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}\text{ dx}\ ...(\text{ii})$
Adding (i) and (ii)
$2\text{I}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
$=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{dx}=\big[\text{x}\big]^{\text{a}}_0=\text{a}$
Hence, $\text{I}=\frac{\text{a}}{2}$
$\Rightarrow\text{I}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
$\Big[\text{Using},\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f(x)}\text{dx}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{f}(\text{a}-\text{x})\text{dx}\Big]$
$\text{I}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}\text{ dx}\ ...(\text{ii})$
Adding (i) and (ii)
$2\text{I}=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\frac{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}{\sqrt{\text{x}}+\sqrt{\text{a}-\text{x}}}\text{ dx}$
$=\int\limits^{\text{a}}_0\text{dx}=\big[\text{x}\big]^{\text{a}}_0=\text{a}$
Hence, $\text{I}=\frac{\text{a}}{2}$
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