Question
Explain Ammonolysis of alkyl halides.
✓
Answer
When an alkyl halide is heated with alcoholic ammonia in a sealed tube under pressure at 373 K, a mixture of primary, secondary, tertiary amines and a quaternary ammonium salt is obtained. In this reaction, breaking of C – X bond by ammonia is called ammonolysis of alkyl halides. The reaction is also known as alkylation. For example, when methyl bromide is heated with alcoholic ammonia at 373 K, it gives a mixture of methylamine (a primary amine), dimethylamine (a secondary amine), trimethyl amine (a tertiary amine) and tetramethylam- monium bromide (a quaternary ammonium salt).
The order of reactivity of alkyl halides with ammonia is R – I > R – Br > R – Cl.
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
Explain the classification of carbohydrates with examples.
Give the IUPAC names of the following amines :
Answer the following
Define the following term: Nanomaterial
Define the following term: Nanomaterial
Although $\triangle S$ for the formation of two moles of water from $H_2$ and $O_2$ is $-327 JK^{-1}$, it is spontaneous. Explain. (Given ∆H for the reaction is $-572\ kJ$).
→Complete the following reactions:
(i) $Fe +$ dil. $H _2 SO _4$
(ii) Benzene $+ H _2 SO _{2 \text { (conc.) }}$
(iii) $PCl _5+ H _2 SO _4$
(iv) $K _4\left[ Fe ( CN )_6\right]$
(v) $KClO _3$
(vi) Fluorspar, $CaF _2+$ dil. $H _2 SO _4$.
→(i) $Fe +$ dil. $H _2 SO _4$
(ii) Benzene $+ H _2 SO _{2 \text { (conc.) }}$
(iii) $PCl _5+ H _2 SO _4$
(iv) $K _4\left[ Fe ( CN )_6\right]$
(v) $KClO _3$
(vi) Fluorspar, $CaF _2+$ dil. $H _2 SO _4$.
Calculate the spin only magnetic moment of $La^{3+}$. Compare the value with that given in the table.
→How is dioxygen prepared in laboratory from $KCIO _3$ ? Write the chemical reaction to convert :
(a) phenol to benzoquinone
(b) phenol to cyclohexanol
→(a) phenol to benzoquinone
(b) phenol to cyclohexanol
Calculate $\text{C-Cl}$ bond enthalpy from the following data :
$\ce{CH_3Cl_{( g )} + Cl_{2( g )} \rightarrow CH_2 Cl _{2( g )}+ HCl _{( g )}\Delta H^0=-104\ kJ}$
→$\ce{CH_3Cl_{( g )} + Cl_{2( g )} \rightarrow CH_2 Cl _{2( g )}+ HCl _{( g )}\Delta H^0=-104\ kJ}$
| Bond | $\text{C - H}$ | $\text{C - H}$ | $\text{C - H}$ |
| $\ce{\Delta H^0 / KJ\ mol ^{-1}}$ | $414$ | $243$ | $431$ |
Write the names of group 18 elements and their electronic configuration.
Write a short note on coupling reactions.