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UNEMPLOYMENT — Economics STD 12 Commerce — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceEconomicsUNEMPLOYMENT5 Marks
Question
Explain any three schemes introduced to solve the problem of unemployment.
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Answer

$1.$ Introduction:
  • During the starting of the five year planning in $1951,$ it was counted that with the steps of economic development and planning, the problem of unemployment can easily solved.
  • But in the first four five year plan of such thought proved to be wrong.
  • As a result, in the fifth five year plan various employment programmes were taken in hand by the state.
  • Like Integrated Rural Development Programme, Food against food, Training to Rural youth for Self-employment $\text{(TRYSEM),}$ Jawahar Rojgar Yojana, Nehru Rojgar Yojana, Suvarna Jayanti Gram Swrojagar Yojana, Suvarna Jayanti Saher Rojgar Yojana, $\text{NREGA}$ and $\text{MGNREGA}$ Programme, Skill development programme, Shramev Jayate Yojana, Gramjyoti Yojana and Prime Minister Agricultural Irrigation Programme was started.
  • On the other hand, Skill India, make in India and Mudra many such employment oriented schemes were implemented.
  • Some of them are given below:
$2.$ State Programmes to Solve Unemployment Problem$: (1)$ Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act $\text{(MGNREGA):}$
  • In India, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act $\text{(NREGA)}$ was passed by parliament in February $2006.$ Earlier $\text{EAS, IRY }$ were employment oriented programme but $\text{NREGA}$ was having main difference.
  • In old programme the person does not have right to get employment but under $\text{NREGA,}$ he has the right to get employment.
  • The name $\text{NREGA}$ was changed to $\text{MGNREGA}$ on $2nd$ October $2009.$
  • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
  • The main aim of this programme was to provide employment to people of rural backward areas.
  • In this programme, at least one person from each family is given guarantee of getting employment, for $100$ days in a year. From that $1/3rd$ employment is reserved for females under this scheme.
  • It was recommended to provide minimum wages for physical labour.
  • The wages should be paid to them within $7$ days.
  • Labourers should be given employment within $5\ Km.$ from their residence.
  • If labourer is given employment beyond the distance than $10\%$ extra wages are given to them; labourers under this scheme are given job cards which is valid for five years.
  • After receiving job card if the labourer does not get work within $15$ days then he is paid employment allowance. During work, if labourer gets sick or physically injured then he is given medical services and minimum half day wages is provided as per their rights.
  • It is the responsibility of state to implement this programme.
  • There are two benefits of this programme are
  • $(i)$ Rural people will get employment when they do not get proper agricultural income so seasonal unemployment will get less.
  • $(ii)$ Labourers are provided good roads, irrigation facilities, dams for storing water.
  • Such type of public investment programme are done for welfare of state.
  • Under this scheme its benefits have not .been provided to many areas as its services are not availed in reality so it is not applicable.
$(2)$ Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Shramev Jayate Yojana $\text{(PDUSJY):}$
  • Under this scheme labourers working in an unorganized sector were provided health and security along with good management, skill development and welfare.
  • This scheme was started on $16th$ October. $2014.$
  • It's another objective was to develop conductive environment for industrial development.
  • Main focus in this scheme was on health, security and welfare of workers.
  • Living standard of workers increases.
  • Under this scheme they pay attention towards the work of the workers.
$(3)$ Deendayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana $\text{(DUGJY):}$​​​​​​​
  • Deendayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana was started instead of Rajiv Gandhi Electirification programme.
  • Its objective was of providing constant $24 \times 7$ electricity services in rural areas.
  • Its main aim was to develop rural areas and agricultural sector.
  • According to them in India labour intensive technique is more preferable for the production.
$(4)$ Deendayal Upadhyay Gramin Kaushalya Yojana $\text{(DUJKY):}$​​​​​​​
  • This scheme was started on $25th$ September, $2014.$
  • The main aim was to provide employment to youth between age group of $18$ to $35$ years.
$(5)$ Prime Minister Agriculture Irrigation Programme:
  • $1st$ July, $2015$ Prime Minister Agricultural Irrigation Programme was started.
  • "Water to every field" to increase field productivity, optimum use of agricultural resources and planning of irrigational facilities to agricultural areas.
$3.$ Conclusion:
  • During planning period, such programmes were started for providing employment like Jawahar Rojgar Yojana, Employment Oriented Scheme.
  • All these are made under one given name ‘Suvarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana'.
  • It will be implemented in $2006$ under $\text{NREGA}$ programme.

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