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Question

Explain Catalytic property of transition element.

Vidyadip · Accepted Answer

→ The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic activity.
→ This activity is ascribed to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes.
→ Vanadium (V) oxide (in Contact Process), finely divided iron (in Haber's Process), and nickel (in Catalytic Hydrogenation) are some of the examples.
→ Catalysts at a solid surface involve the formation of bonds between reactant molecules and atoms of the surface of the catalyst (first row transition metals utilise 3d and 4s electrons for bonding).
→ This has the effect of increasing the concentration of the reactants at the catalyst surface and also weakening of the bonds in the reacting molecules (the activation energy is lowering).
→ The Transition metal ions can change their oxidation states, they become more effective as catalysts.
→ For example, iron (III) catalyses the reaction between iodide and persulphate ions. $
2 I ^{-}+ S _2 O _8^{2-} \rightarrow I _2+2 SO _4^{2-}
$
→ An explanation of this catalytic action can be given as :
$
\begin{array}{l}
2 Fe ^{3+}+2 I ^{-} \rightarrow 2 Fe ^{2+}+ I _2 \\
2 Fe ^{2+}+ S _2 O _8^{2-} \rightarrow 2 Fe ^{3+}+2 SO _4^{2-}
\end{array}
$

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