Individuals with those characters which enable them to survive better in the given environment, would outbreed the others, who are less adapted. Fitness, according to Darwin, is reproductive fitness, i.e. individuals who are more fit in an environment leave more progeny than others.
These progenies survive better and more and more fit individuals are added to the population, i.e. natural selection.
The population thus comes to possess more fit individuals, i.e. nature selects the better fit invididuals and over a long period of time, through a number of generations, the population slowly becomes modified into a different form or a species, in the process called evolution, e.g. evolution of DDT-resistant mosquitoes.
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