Question
Explain different types of blood groups and donor compatibility by making a table.

Answer

ABO blood groups in human beings were reported for first time by Karl Landsteiner. ABO blood groups are determined by the gene/ (isoagglutinin). There are three alleles, IA, IB and 7° of this gene. Proteins produced by the/ A and/ ll alleles are called A antigen and B antigen respectively. People with blood group A have the A antigen on the surface of their RBCs, and antibodies to antigen B in their plasma. Persons with blood group B have B antigen on their RBCs, and antibodies against A antigen in their plasma. Individuals with AB blood group have both antigen A and antigen B on their RBCs, and no antibodies for either of the antigens in their plasma. Type O individuals are without A and B antigens on their RBCs, but have antibodies for both these antigens in their plasma. Individuals with blood group AB can receive blood of A, B or O group, while those with blood group O can donate blood to anyone. This is the most important blood group for transfusion. Thus person with blood group AB is called universal recipient and person with blood group O is called universal donor. If a blood transfusion is made between an incompatible donor and recipient, reaction of antigens on the cells and antibodies in the plasma produces clots and clog capillaries, Table: Human ABO blood groups and their compatibility.
Blood Group Genotype Antigens on red blood corpuscles Antibodies in blood plasma Can give blood to Can get blood from
A $|^A|^A Or |^A|^O$ A b A, AB A, O
B $|^B|^B Or |^B|^O​​​​​​​$ B a B, A B, O
AB $|^A|^B$ AB None AB AB, A, B, O
O $|^O|^O​​​​​​​$​​​​​​​ None a, b AB, A, B, O O

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