Question
Explain dipole$-$dipole interactions.
✓
Answer
Dipole$-$dipole interactions:
$i.$ When a polar molecule encounters another polar molecule, the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule. Interaction between such molecules is termed as dipole$-$dipole interaction.
$ii.$These forces are generally weak, with energies of the order of $3-4 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$ and are significant only when molecules are in close contact, i.e., in a solid or a liquid state.
$iii.$ For example, $C_4H_9Cl, ($butyl chloride$), CH_3 – O – CH_3 ($dimethyl ether$), \text{ICl} ($iodine chloride$, B.P. 27 ^\circ C),$ are dipolar liquids.
$iv.$ The molecular orientations due to dipole$-$dipole interaction in $\text{ICl}$ liquid is shown in the following figure:
$v.$ More polar the substance, greater the strength of its dipole$-$dipole interactions.
$i.$ When a polar molecule encounters another polar molecule, the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule. Interaction between such molecules is termed as dipole$-$dipole interaction.
$ii.$These forces are generally weak, with energies of the order of $3-4 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$ and are significant only when molecules are in close contact, i.e., in a solid or a liquid state.
$iii.$ For example, $C_4H_9Cl, ($butyl chloride$), CH_3 – O – CH_3 ($dimethyl ether$), \text{ICl} ($iodine chloride$, B.P. 27 ^\circ C),$ are dipolar liquids.
$iv.$ The molecular orientations due to dipole$-$dipole interaction in $\text{ICl}$ liquid is shown in the following figure:
$v.$ More polar the substance, greater the strength of its dipole$-$dipole interactions.
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