Question
Explain giving examples, the colour of nf electrons is about the same as those having (14-n) electrons.

Answer

(1) Consider $Pr ^{3+}$ and $Tm ^{3+}$ ions.
$Tm ^{3+}\left(4 f ^{12}\right)$ has nf electron 12 electrons.
$\operatorname{Pr}^{2+}\left(4 f ^2\right)$ has $(14- n )=(14-2)=12$ electrons. Both, $Tm ^{3+}$ and $Pr ^{3+}$ are green.
(2) Consider $Nd ^{3+}$ and $Er ^{3+}$ ions. $Er ^{3+}\left(4 f ^{11}\right)$ has nf electrons 11.
$Nd ^{3+}\left(4 f^3\right)$ has $(14-n)$ is $(14-3)=11$ electrons. These both ions $Er ^{3+}, Na ^{3+}$ are pink in colour.

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