Question
Explain in detail the central nervous system of cockroach.
✓
Answer
Central nervous system $\text{(CNS):}$ Central nervous system consists of nerve ring and ventral nerve cord.
Nerve ring consists of:
$1.$ a pair of supra$-$oesophageal ganglia
$2.$ a pair of circum$-$oesophageal connectives
$3.$ a pair of sub$-$oesophageal ganglia
$4.$ Supra$-$oesophageal ganglia or cerebral ganglia: A pair of supra$-$oesophageal ganglia is collectively known as the brain. Brain is present in head, above the oesophagus and between antennal bases. Each supra$-$oesophageal ganglion is formed by the fusion of three small ganglia $–$ protocerebram, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum.
$5.$ Circum$-$oesophageal connectives: Supra$-$oesophageal ganglia are connected to sub$-$oesophageal ganglion by a pair of lateral nerves called as circum$-$oesophageal connectives. Connectives arise from supra$-$oesophagial ganglia.
$6.$ Sub$-$oesophageal ganglia: It is a bilobed and present below the oesophagus, in head. It is also formed by the fusion of three pairs of ganglia.
$7.$ Ventral nerve cord:
$8.$ It arises from the sub$-$oesophageal ganglion. It is present along mid$-$ventral position, in perineural sinus.
$9.$ It is double ventral nerve cord and consists of nine segmental, paired ganglia.
$10.$ First three pairs of segmental ganglia are large and known as thoracic ganglia. The other six pairs of segmental ganglia are in abdomen $($abdominal ganglia$).$
$11. \ 6^{th}$ abdominal ganglion is the largest and it is present in $7^{th}$ abdominal segment.
Nerve ring consists of:
$1.$ a pair of supra$-$oesophageal ganglia
$2.$ a pair of circum$-$oesophageal connectives
$3.$ a pair of sub$-$oesophageal ganglia
$4.$ Supra$-$oesophageal ganglia or cerebral ganglia: A pair of supra$-$oesophageal ganglia is collectively known as the brain. Brain is present in head, above the oesophagus and between antennal bases. Each supra$-$oesophageal ganglion is formed by the fusion of three small ganglia $–$ protocerebram, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum.
$5.$ Circum$-$oesophageal connectives: Supra$-$oesophageal ganglia are connected to sub$-$oesophageal ganglion by a pair of lateral nerves called as circum$-$oesophageal connectives. Connectives arise from supra$-$oesophagial ganglia.
$6.$ Sub$-$oesophageal ganglia: It is a bilobed and present below the oesophagus, in head. It is also formed by the fusion of three pairs of ganglia.
$7.$ Ventral nerve cord:
$8.$ It arises from the sub$-$oesophageal ganglion. It is present along mid$-$ventral position, in perineural sinus.
$9.$ It is double ventral nerve cord and consists of nine segmental, paired ganglia.
$10.$ First three pairs of segmental ganglia are large and known as thoracic ganglia. The other six pairs of segmental ganglia are in abdomen $($abdominal ganglia$).$
$11. \ 6^{th}$ abdominal ganglion is the largest and it is present in $7^{th}$ abdominal segment.
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