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Amines — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Bihar BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryAmines3 Marks
Question
Explain nitration of aniline. Explain what is done by this process to obtain the para nitro derivative as the major product.
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Answer

→ Direct nitration of aniline yields tarry oxidation products in addition to the nitro derivatives. Moreover in the strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion which is meta directing. That is why besides the ortho and para derivatives, significant amount of meta derivative is also formed.
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→ However by protecting the - NH2group by acetylation reaction with acetic anhydride, the nitration reaction can be controlled and the Pderivative can be obtained as the major product.
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