Question
Explain $SN ^1$ reaction with example.
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Answer
$S_N 1$ (Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution) Reaction
The $S_N 1$ reaction occurs in two steps and follows first-order kinetics. It is favored by tertiary alkyl halides due to the stability of the intermediate carbocation.
1. Step 1 (Slow): Formation of a stable carbocation by the loss of the leaving group.
2. Step 2 (Fast): Attack of the nucleophile on the carbocation.
Example: Hydrolysis of tert-butyl bromide with aqueous KOH .
$\left( CH _3\right)_3 C - Br + OH ^{-} \longrightarrow\left( CH _3\right)_3 C - OH + Br ^{-}$
The $S_N 1$ reaction occurs in two steps and follows first-order kinetics. It is favored by tertiary alkyl halides due to the stability of the intermediate carbocation.
1. Step 1 (Slow): Formation of a stable carbocation by the loss of the leaving group.
2. Step 2 (Fast): Attack of the nucleophile on the carbocation.
Example: Hydrolysis of tert-butyl bromide with aqueous KOH .
$\left( CH _3\right)_3 C - Br + OH ^{-} \longrightarrow\left( CH _3\right)_3 C - OH + Br ^{-}$
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Similar questions
Match the reactions given in Column I with the names given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (i) |  | (a) | Nucleophilic aromatic substitution |
| (ii) | $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}==\text{CH}_2+\text{HBr}\xrightarrow{ \ \ \ \ \ }\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Br}$ | (b) | Electrophilic aromatic substitution |
| (iii) |  | (c) | Saytzeff elimination |
| (iv) |  | (d) | Electrophilic addition |
| (v) | $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}\text{CH}_3\xrightarrow{\text{alc.KOH}}\text{CH}_3\text{CH}==\text{CH}\text{CH}_3\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Br}$ | (e) | Nucleophilic substitution (SN1) |
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