Question
Explain the application procedure. Or introduce the formula example and symbol of the applied manner.

Answer

  • The explanation of the application procedure is as follows:
  • Mill's motto: "If two or more instances of an event under investigation have only one coincidence in common, then this is the only coincidence in all instances that is the cause and effect of that event."
  • From the characteristic of the application method, the application method is subject to the following conditions:
  • Two or more instances of the incident under investigation should have been observed.
  • Examples that are taken should have both causal conditions and consequences present.
  • All the coincidences except one in these examples should be different.
  • All examples should have only one coincidence.
  • If these coincidences are precedent, then it is the cause of the event and if it is the succession, it is the result of the event.
  • Example: Suppose we want to know the reasons for marital failure.
  • In this research, it is necessary to examine the antecedents of ‘marital failure’ by observing the behavior of two or more marital couples.
  • These observations were received during the pre-investigation:
  The first instance of marital failure.   Another occasion of marital failure.
$1.$ The couple were of similar age. $1.$ The couple were not the same age.
$2.$ Jethani was tormented in the house. $2.$ Jethani was not tormented in the house.
$3.$ The financial situation of the family was very poor. $3.$ The family's financial situation was good.
$4.$ Husbands and wives had similar education. $4.$ Husbands and wives did not share the same education.
$5.$ The couple did not have children. $5.$ The couple had children.
$6.$ There was a lack of marital comfort. $6.$ The marital amenities were adequate.
$7.$ There was a lack of affection between husband and wife. $7.$ There was a lack of affection between husband and wife.
  • Examining these two instances of marital failure, it appears that in both instances, "there was a lack of affection between husband and wife" is the only common cause.
  • There is a difference in everything else.
  • Thus the same preceding event in this case can be identified as the cause of the incident.
  • According to the custom, the reason for marital failure is 'lack of affection between husband and wife.'
  • Symbolic representation: Symbolic representation of the applied pattern using capital letters $(A, B, C, D)$ for predecessors and lower case letters $(a, b, c, d)$ for successors is as follows:
$A\ B\ C\ D\ -\ a\ b\ c\ d;$
$A\ E\ F\ G\ -\ a\ e\ f\ g;$
$\therefore A$ is the cause of $a,$ or $a$ is the result of $A.$

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