Question
Explain the conversion of nitrogen into nitrates during lightning.

Answer

During lightning, temperatures often reach as high as 3000°C. At such high temperatures, nitrogen and oxygen present in the air combine to form nitric oxide, which further react with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide
$\ce{N2 + O2 ->[electric] 2NO}$
Oxygen constitutes about 21% of air by volume. It is the active part of air.
$\ce{2NO + O2 ->[discharge] 2NO2}$
Nitrogen dioxide then reacts with the water vapour present in air to form nitrous and nitric acids.
$\ce{2NO2 + H2O -> HNO2 + HNO3}$
Oxygen constitutes about“21% of air by volume. It is the active part of air.
Nitric acid, so formed, reaches the earth along with rain-water, and reacts with metal carbonates to form metal nitrates.
$\ce{CaCO3 + 2HNO3 -> CA(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2}$
Oxygen constitutes about 21% of air by volume. It is the active part of air.

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