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Answer
The socio-economic condition of the people of India, administrative policy and the entire Indian economy is associated with agriculture. Farming types are classified according to irrigation methods, farm outputs, economic return etc. Different types of forming are as follows:
$(1)$ Subsistence Farming: After Independence many agricultural development projects are implemented, yet the economic condition Indian farmer is very weak even today. Costly seeds, fertillizers and use of pesticides are not affordable in smaller farm holdings. The farm production is just sufficient for his family which is consumed in the maintenance of the family. This is called subsistence farming. So even today, Indian agriculture is considered to be an activity for life maintenance only. A
$(2)$ Dry Farming: Where the rainfall is inadequate, irrigation facilities are less there farming is dependent only on rain. Only one crop is taken through the humidity accumulated within the land. This is known as Dry Farming. Crops like jowar, millet and pulses which require less water are grown here. In Gujarat, wheat and gram are grown in the humid soils after the monsoon is over.
$(3)$ Wet Farming: Wet farming is carried out in the regions of heavy rain and adequate facilities for irrigation. If there is no rainfall or if it is insufficient, more than one crop is taken with the help of irrigation, where in paddy, sugarcane, cotton, wheat and vegetables are grown.
$(4)$ Shifting (Jhoom) Agriculture: Here, forests are burnt and cleared, and farming is carried out there The farming takes place for two or three years When soil fertility is reduced, that area is abandonec and the same method is applied to start farming at other place. This is called Jhoom cultivation. Cereals or vegetables are grown in this type of agriculture. The production is less in this type of agriculture.
$(5)$ Plantation Agriculture: This is a special type of agriculture. Here rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, coconut, apple, mango, oranges, grapes, amla (myrobalan), lemon, kharek (khalela, dried date) etc. are reared with great care. It is necessary that there should be more capital investment, skill, technical knowledge, machines, fertilizers, protection on all sides, acquisition and transportation facilities.
$(6)$ Intensive Farming: Intensive farming is the mechanized way of farming through utilization of increased irrigation, use of chemical fertilizers. insecticies and other mechanical equipments. Cash crops are grown more in this type of farming. The per hectare production has increased very much here and the area sown under these crops has increased. As more importance is given to economic returns in this type of farming, it is also known as Commercial Farming.
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