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metals and non-metals — Science STD 10 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Sciencemetals and non-metals2 Marks
Question
Explain the extraction of metals low in the reactivity series.
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Answer

  • Metals low in the reactivity series are very unreactive.
  • The oxides of these metals can be reduced to metals by heating alone.
  • For example, Cinnabar$(HgS)$ is an ore of mercury.
  • When it is heated in air, it is first converted into mercuric oxide $( HgO )$ then, mercuric oxide is reduced to mercury $( Hg )$ on further heating.
  • $2 HgS ( s )+3 O _2(g) \xrightarrow{ Heat } 2 HgO ( s )+2 SO _2(g)$
  • $2 HgO ( s ) \stackrel{\text { Heat }}{\rightarrow} 2 Hg ( l )+ O _2(g)$
  • Thus, mercury is separated.
  • Similarly, copper which is found as $Cu _2 S$ in nature can be obtained from its ore by heating in air.
  • Here, $Cu _2 S$ is reduced to $Cu.$
  • $2 Cu _2 S( s )+3 O _2(g) \stackrel{\text { Heat }}{\rightarrow} 2 Cu _2 O ( s )+2 SO _2(g)$
  • $2 Cu _2 O ( s )+ Cu _2 S( s ) \xrightarrow{\text { Heat }} 6 Cu ( s )+ SO _2(g)$

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